{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2974344725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2019.8840252","title":"Progress in Development of Nanostructured Gradient Index Optical Fibers and Micro-Optical Components","display_name":"Progress in Development of Nanostructured Gradient Index Optical Fibers and Micro-Optical Components","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2974344725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2019.8840252","mag":"2974344725"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icton.2019.8840252","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2019.8840252","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 21st International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042860571","display_name":"Ryszard Buczy\u0144ski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2863-725X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142131","display_name":"Institute of Electronic Materials Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jp3w522","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142131"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ryszard Buczynski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Glass, Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Glass, Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142131"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003577769","display_name":"Andrew J. Waddie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125355","display_name":"Scottish Universities Physics Alliance","ror":"https://ror.org/026efkc57","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125355"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Waddie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Heriot-Watt University, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Edinburgh, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Heriot-Watt University, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125355","https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103256858","display_name":"Mohammad R. Taghizadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9018-2703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125355","display_name":"Scottish Universities Physics Alliance","ror":"https://ror.org/026efkc57","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125355"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad R. Taghizadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Heriot-Watt University, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Edinburgh, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Heriot-Watt University, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125355","https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045688111","display_name":"Rafa\u0142 Kasztelanic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6901-4641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142131","display_name":"Institute of Electronic Materials Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jp3w522","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142131"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafal Kasztelanic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Glass, Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Glass, Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142131"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024619286","display_name":"Alicja Anuszkiewicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6395-5902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142131","display_name":"Institute of Electronic Materials Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jp3w522","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142131"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alicja Anuszkiewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Glass, Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Glass, Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142131"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081661592","display_name":"Adam Filipkowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1027-6751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142131","display_name":"Institute of Electronic Materials Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jp3w522","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142131"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Filipkowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Glass, Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Glass, Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142131"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104005299","display_name":"Hue Thi Nguyen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142131","display_name":"Institute of Electronic Materials Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jp3w522","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142131"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hue Thi Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Glass, Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Glass, Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142131"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066912014","display_name":"Tomasz Stefaniuk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9012-6437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142131","display_name":"Institute of Electronic Materials Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jp3w522","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142131"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomasz Stefaniuk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Glass, Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Glass, Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142131"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048526632","display_name":"Damian Michalik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9983-3242"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142131","display_name":"Institute of Electronic Materials Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jp3w522","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142131"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Damian Michalik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Glass, Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Glass, Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142131"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070790271","display_name":"Marcin Franczyk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8937-8015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142131","display_name":"Institute of Electronic Materials Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jp3w522","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142131"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcin Franczyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Glass, Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Glass, Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142131"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018362437","display_name":"Ryszard St\u0119pie\u0144","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2352-6382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142131","display_name":"Institute of Electronic Materials Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jp3w522","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142131"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryszard Stepien","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Glass, Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Glass, Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142131"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049314284","display_name":"Dariusz Pysz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142131","display_name":"Institute of Electronic Materials Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jp3w522","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142131"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dariusz Pysz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Glass, Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Glass, Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142131"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042860571"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142131"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09279841,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10846","display_name":"Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10846","display_name":"Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.7399427890777588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refractive-index","display_name":"Refractive index","score":0.7280573844909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanostructure","display_name":"Nanostructure","score":0.5935413837432861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.5641772747039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planar","display_name":"Planar","score":0.5585671067237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.49691346287727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stack","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","score":0.48529237508773804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photonics","display_name":"Photonics","score":0.466127872467041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microstructured-optical-fiber","display_name":"Microstructured optical fiber","score":0.4630373418331146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","score":0.4315238296985626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photonic-crystal-fiber","display_name":"Photonic-crystal fiber","score":0.426630437374115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photonic-crystal","display_name":"Photonic crystal","score":0.4189833700656891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-vortex","display_name":"Optical vortex","score":0.418979674577713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanophotonics","display_name":"Nanophotonics","score":0.4129323661327362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.4115246832370758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.29668450355529785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.16500639915466309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.1210656464099884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10595682263374329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plastic-optical-fiber","display_name":"Plastic optical fiber","score":0.0996067225933075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-mode-optical-fiber","display_name":"Multi-mode optical fiber","score":0.08911716938018799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.07258403301239014}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7399427890777588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42067758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174102","display_name":"Refractive index","level":2,"score":0.7280573844909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186187911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093894","display_name":"Nanostructure","level":2,"score":0.5935413837432861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.5641772747039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134786449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3391255","display_name":"Planar","level":2,"score":0.5585671067237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.49691346287727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9395851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177929","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.48529237508773804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20788544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467054","display_name":"Photonics","level":2,"score":0.466127872467041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148582644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6840368","display_name":"Microstructured optical fiber","level":5,"score":0.4630373418331146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.4315238296985626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107157254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1256244","display_name":"Photonic-crystal fiber","level":3,"score":0.426630437374115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75302062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900150","display_name":"Photonic crystal","level":2,"score":0.4189833700656891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130404759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2077002","display_name":"Optical vortex","level":3,"score":0.418979674577713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27289702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2475861","display_name":"Nanophotonics","level":2,"score":0.4129323661327362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4115246832370758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.29668450355529785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.16500639915466309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1210656464099884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10595682263374329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203637571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812875","display_name":"Plastic optical fiber","level":4,"score":0.0996067225933075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101645829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781857","display_name":"Multi-mode optical fiber","level":3,"score":0.08911716938018799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.07258403301239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icton.2019.8840252","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2019.8840252","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 21st International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975141786","https://openalex.org/W1999819240","https://openalex.org/W2005351981","https://openalex.org/W2018497135","https://openalex.org/W2024557266","https://openalex.org/W2048196443","https://openalex.org/W2117018421","https://openalex.org/W2805461553","https://openalex.org/W2887293602"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2040801049","https://openalex.org/W2037752946","https://openalex.org/W2266686668","https://openalex.org/W2125315518","https://openalex.org/W4247983823","https://openalex.org/W3148762096","https://openalex.org/W2364644524","https://openalex.org/W2047360141","https://openalex.org/W1998094151","https://openalex.org/W2356848531"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nanostructured":[0],"gradient":[1,15],"index":[2,16,22],"(nGRIN)":[3],"elements":[4],"are":[5],"a":[6,83],"new":[7],"class":[8],"of":[9,32,35,53,68,78,86],"planar-surface":[10],"micro-optical":[11,88],"elements.":[12,97],"An":[13],"effective":[14,59],"profile":[17],"with":[18,27],"any":[19],"arbitrary":[20],"refractive":[21],"distribution":[23],"can":[24],"be":[25],"developed":[26],"internal":[28],"discrete":[29],"nanostructure":[30],"composed":[31],"two":[33],"types":[34],"glasses.":[36],"A":[37],"low-cost":[38],"modified":[39],"stack-and-draw":[40],"technology":[41],"commonly":[42],"used":[43,50],"for":[44,51],"photonic":[45],"crystal":[46],"fibres":[47,81],"development":[48,52,77],"is":[49,63],"nGRIN":[54,87],"components":[55,89],"and":[56,82,94],"fibers.":[57],"The":[58],"medium":[60],"Maxwell-Garnett":[61],"theory":[62],"applied":[64],"to":[65],"describe":[66],"performance":[67],"the":[69],"components.":[70],"We":[71],"report":[72],"on":[73],"recent":[74],"progress":[75],"in":[76],"nanostructured":[79],"core":[80],"wide":[84],"range":[85],"as":[90],"microlenses,":[91],"axicons,":[92],"vortices":[93],"diffractive":[95],"optical":[96]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}