{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2893601410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2018.8473868","title":"Spectrally and Spatially Flexible Optical Networks: Recent Developments and Findings","display_name":"Spectrally and Spatially Flexible Optical Networks: Recent Developments and Findings","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2893601410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2018.8473868","mag":"2893601410"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icton.2018.8473868","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2018.8473868","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2117/124948","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103092575","display_name":"Behnam Shariati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1195-3862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Behnam Shariati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Polit\u00e9cnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Polit\u00e9cnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018045180","display_name":"Dimitrios Klonidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4451-2062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162098","display_name":"Athens Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05eqt7s39","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162098"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitrios Klonidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Athens Information Technology (AIT), Attica, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Athens Information Technology (AIT), Attica, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029009789","display_name":"Dan M. Marom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8740-5419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197251160","display_name":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem","ror":"https://ror.org/03qxff017","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan M. Marom","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081281333","display_name":"Jaume Comellas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9129-0562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaume Comellas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Polit\u00e9cnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Polit\u00e9cnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051130640","display_name":"Luis Velasco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7345-296X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Velasco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Polit\u00e9cnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Polit\u00e9cnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079573429","display_name":"Ioannis Tomkos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9721-3405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162098","display_name":"Athens Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05eqt7s39","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162098"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioannis Tomkos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Athens Information Technology (AIT), Attica, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Athens Information Technology (AIT), Attica, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162098"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103092575"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09466565,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7074832320213318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-performance-monitoring","display_name":"Optical performance monitoring","score":0.6082504987716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5708993673324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiwavelength-optical-networking","display_name":"Multiwavelength optical networking","score":0.5698715448379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.54278564453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-networking","display_name":"Optical networking","score":0.5216712951660156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-transport-network","display_name":"Optical Transport Network","score":0.5205650925636292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5122136473655701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.4811464548110962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realization","display_name":"Realization (probability)","score":0.4560333490371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.44635260105133057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-optical-network","display_name":"Passive optical network","score":0.44055506587028503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-switch","display_name":"Optical switch","score":0.4320119023323059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/10g-pon","display_name":"10G-PON","score":0.4304213523864746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photonics","display_name":"Photonics","score":0.4216136932373047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Wavelength-division multiplexing","score":0.35562169551849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.34630531072616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.28255778551101685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18362563848495483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.17819055914878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-optic-splitter","display_name":"Fiber optic splitter","score":0.15134194493293762}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7074832320213318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26840048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098880","display_name":"Optical performance monitoring","level":4,"score":0.6082504987716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5708993673324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178029761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17037566","display_name":"Multiwavelength optical networking","level":5,"score":0.5698715448379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.54278564453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781382545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098878","display_name":"Optical networking","level":4,"score":0.5216712951660156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70979049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51831","display_name":"Optical Transport Network","level":5,"score":0.5205650925636292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5122136473655701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.4811464548110962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.4560333490371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.44635260105133057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204827203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027795","display_name":"Passive optical network","level":4,"score":0.44055506587028503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101336846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105111","display_name":"Optical switch","level":2,"score":0.4320119023323059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178260956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3642817","display_name":"10G-PON","level":5,"score":0.4304213523864746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20788544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467054","display_name":"Photonics","level":2,"score":0.4216136932373047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160724564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620670","display_name":"Wavelength-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.35562169551849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.34630531072616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.28255778551101685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18362563848495483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.17819055914878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146199129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5446365","display_name":"Fiber optic splitter","level":4,"score":0.15134194493293762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21651689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397427","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icton.2018.8473868","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2018.8473868","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/124948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2117/124948","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207057","display_name":"QRU Quaderns de Recerca en Urbanisme","issn_l":"2014-9689","issn":["2014-9689","2385-6777"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322448","host_organization_name":"Q71272178","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322448"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Q71272178"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference report"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/124948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2117/124948","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207057","display_name":"QRU Quaderns de Recerca en Urbanisme","issn_l":"2014-9689","issn":["2014-9689","2385-6777"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322448","host_organization_name":"Q71272178","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322448"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Q71272178"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967288887","https://openalex.org/W2327214381","https://openalex.org/W2329902751","https://openalex.org/W2345562294","https://openalex.org/W2563970295","https://openalex.org/W2592049516","https://openalex.org/W2593300517","https://openalex.org/W2606345258","https://openalex.org/W2751559155","https://openalex.org/W6734460470"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971416152","https://openalex.org/W2125133545","https://openalex.org/W2052930872","https://openalex.org/W2560851793","https://openalex.org/W2019708425","https://openalex.org/W2025150031","https://openalex.org/W1973695542","https://openalex.org/W1980476891","https://openalex.org/W2955350945","https://openalex.org/W2403311957"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Space":[0],"division":[1],"multiplexing":[2],"(SDM)":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5,53],"proposed":[6],"as":[7],"the":[8,13,40,59,83,87,102,114,133,142,151,159,176,187,194,203],"ultimate":[9],"solution":[10],"to":[11,34,101,141],"address":[12],"capacity":[14],"crunch":[15],"of":[16,23,28,42,61,89,117,129,145,156,166,202],"optical":[17,44,78,91,105,118,208],"transport":[18],"networks.":[19,45,209],"The":[20],"efficient":[21,200],"utilization":[22],"SDM":[24,62,94,121],"requires":[25],"some":[26],"forms":[27],"spatial":[29],"integration":[30],"which":[31,81,192],"is":[32],"expected":[33],"bring":[35],"huge":[36],"cost":[37],"savings":[38],"for":[39,58,86,196],"deployment":[41],"SDM-based":[43],"Spatially":[46],"integrated":[47],"components":[48],"with":[49,68],"different":[50,146],"characteristics":[51],"have":[52],"largely":[54],"explored":[55],"and":[56,76,132,150,162,179,190,199,205],"demonstrated":[57],"realization":[60,88],"networks,":[63],"including;":[64],"transmission":[65,130],"media,":[66],"transceivers":[67],"sophisticated":[69],"digital":[70],"signal":[71],"processing":[72],"(DSP)":[73],"units,":[74],"amplifiers,":[75],"ultimately":[77],"switching":[79],"nodes":[80],"are":[82],"key":[84],"elements":[85],"transparent":[90],"networks":[92,106,119],"exploiting":[93,120],"technologies.":[95],"As":[96],"a":[97,163,197],"consequence,":[98],"in":[99,139],"contrast":[100],"currently":[103],"deployed":[104],"based":[107],"on":[108],"standard":[109],"single":[110],"mode":[111],"fibers":[112],"(SSMF),":[113],"next":[115],"generation":[116],"technologies":[122],"can":[123],"be":[124,173],"realized":[125],"utilizing":[126],"various":[127],"kinds":[128],"media":[131],"other":[134],"corresponding":[135],"elements.":[136],"However,":[137],"due":[138],"part":[140],"physical":[143],"properties":[144],"components,":[147],"their":[148],"complexity,":[149],"technology":[152],"limitations":[153],"not":[154],"all":[155],"them":[157],"meet":[158],"economic":[160],"feasibility":[161],"desired":[164],"level":[165],"network-wide":[167],"performance.":[168],"Therefore,":[169],"careful":[170],"analysis":[171],"should":[172],"done":[174],"revealing":[175],"most":[177],"appropriate":[178],"cost-effective":[180],"solutions.":[181],"In":[182],"this":[183],"work,":[184],"we":[185],"review":[186],"recent":[188],"developments":[189],"findings":[191],"pave":[193],"way":[195],"simplified":[198],"implementation":[201],"spectrally":[204],"spatially":[206],"flexible":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2018-10-05T00:00:00"}