{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1526980476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2015.7193674","title":"Influence of microwave exposure of tungsten oxide hole extraction layers on nanomorphology, optical and electrical properties of organic photovoltaics","display_name":"Influence of microwave exposure of tungsten oxide hole extraction layers on nanomorphology, optical and electrical properties of organic photovoltaics","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1526980476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2015.7193674","mag":"1526980476"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icton.2015.7193674","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2015.7193674","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 17th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001583078","display_name":"Anastasia Soultati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6683-6810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203474044","display_name":"National Centre of Scientific Research \"Demokritos\"","ror":"https://ror.org/038jp4m40","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203474044"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174458059","display_name":"National Technical University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/03cx6bg69","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anastasia Soultati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece","NCSR Demokritos, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NCSR Demokritos, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203474044"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059854723","display_name":"Ermioni Polydorou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4304-0005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203474044","display_name":"National Centre of Scientific Research \"Demokritos\"","ror":"https://ror.org/038jp4m40","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203474044"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174878644","display_name":"University of Patras","ror":"https://ror.org/017wvtq80","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ermioni Polydorou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Patras, Patra, Greece","NCSR Demokritos, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Patras, Patra, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NCSR Demokritos, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203474044"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087962902","display_name":"Leonidas C. Palilis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5350-0354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174878644","display_name":"University of Patras","ror":"https://ror.org/017wvtq80","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonidas C. Palilis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Patras, Patra, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Patras, Patra, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060432939","display_name":"Panagiotis Argitis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7070-2006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203474044","display_name":"National Centre of Scientific Research \"Demokritos\"","ror":"https://ror.org/038jp4m40","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203474044"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panagiotis Argitis","raw_affiliation_strings":["NCSR Demokritos, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NCSR Demokritos, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203474044"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012947724","display_name":"Maria Vasilopoulou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8893-1691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203474044","display_name":"National Centre of Scientific Research \"Demokritos\"","ror":"https://ror.org/038jp4m40","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203474044"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Vasilopoulou","raw_affiliation_strings":["NCSR Demokritos, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NCSR Demokritos, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203474044"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001583078"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174458059","https://openalex.org/I203474044"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02218875,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10045","display_name":"Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10045","display_name":"Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10660","display_name":"Conducting polymers and applications","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10611","display_name":"Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Research","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.776614785194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-solar-cell","display_name":"Organic solar cell","score":0.7000449895858765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystallinity","display_name":"Crystallinity","score":0.6688065528869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annealing","display_name":"Annealing (glass)","score":0.6008680462837219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tungsten","display_name":"Tungsten","score":0.5519678592681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.5126492381095886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxide","display_name":"Oxide","score":0.5044287443161011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oled","display_name":"OLED","score":0.49495357275009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stoichiometry","display_name":"Stoichiometry","score":0.4565117359161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.4476821720600128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-chemistry","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","score":0.41009998321533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.2718121409416199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.2653191089630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-chemistry","display_name":"Organic chemistry","score":0.1440412998199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.1096574068069458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.10482394695281982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer","display_name":"Polymer","score":0.08560079336166382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy","display_name":"Metallurgy","score":0.07075774669647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0558704137802124}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.776614785194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91614233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472888","display_name":"Organic solar cell","level":3,"score":0.7000449895858765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46275449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2458815","display_name":"Crystallinity","level":2,"score":0.6688065528869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4339544","display_name":"Annealing (glass)","level":2,"score":0.6008680462837219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542268612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q743","display_name":"Tungsten","level":2,"score":0.5519678592681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.5126492381095886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779851234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50690","display_name":"Oxide","level":2,"score":0.5044287443161011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150759737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209593","display_name":"OLED","level":3,"score":0.49495357275009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144082473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213185","display_name":"Stoichiometry","level":2,"score":0.4565117359161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4476821720600128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.41009998321533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.2718121409416199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.2653191089630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.1440412998199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.1096574068069458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.10482394695281982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.08560079336166382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.07075774669647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0558704137802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icton.2015.7193674","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icton.2015.7193674","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 17th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338080","display_name":"European Social Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964879892","https://openalex.org/W1975142773","https://openalex.org/W1980803819","https://openalex.org/W1994981630","https://openalex.org/W2001331891","https://openalex.org/W2035901134","https://openalex.org/W2046318168","https://openalex.org/W2053011025","https://openalex.org/W2066068527","https://openalex.org/W2082804339","https://openalex.org/W2097318271","https://openalex.org/W2102521642","https://openalex.org/W2103390595","https://openalex.org/W2121915786","https://openalex.org/W2137875009","https://openalex.org/W2158112668","https://openalex.org/W2320471757","https://openalex.org/W2415400813"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2259847155","https://openalex.org/W4311318556","https://openalex.org/W2172275402","https://openalex.org/W2359607386","https://openalex.org/W2052247542","https://openalex.org/W1968649165","https://openalex.org/W2028707226","https://openalex.org/W2083222146","https://openalex.org/W2067965616","https://openalex.org/W4239046702"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"work,":[2],"the":[3,36,61,111,125,128],"effect":[4],"of":[5,8,41,56,63,93,116,120],"microwave":[6,54,77,96,138],"annealing":[7],"tungsten":[9,79,98,130],"oxide":[10,58,80,131],"films,":[11,81],"which":[12],"are":[13],"widely":[14],"used":[15],"to":[16,137],"enhance":[17],"hole":[18,132],"extraction":[19,133],"in":[20],"organic":[21,26,32],"optoelectronic":[22],"devices":[23],"such":[24],"as":[25,82,110],"light":[27],"emitting":[28],"diodes":[29],"(OLEDs)":[30],"and":[31,38,87,100],"photovoltaics":[33],"(OPVs),":[34],"on":[35,76,102],"nanomorhology":[37],"optical":[39],"properties":[40],"bulk":[42],"heterojuction":[43],"(BHJ)":[44],"OPVs,":[45],"is":[46,49],"demonstrated.":[47],"It":[48],"found":[50],"that":[51],"a":[52,103],"short":[53],"exposure":[55],"under-stoichiometric":[57,129],"film":[59],"enhances":[60],"crystallinity/ordering":[62],"poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric":[64],"acid":[65],"methyl":[66],"ester":[67],"(P3HT:PC":[68],"<sub":[69,105],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[70,106],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">71</sub>":[71,107],"BM)":[72],"blends":[73],"when":[74],"coated":[75],"annealed":[78,97],"revealed":[83],"from":[84],"X-ray":[85],"diffraction":[86],"UV-Vis":[88],"absorption":[89],"measurements.":[90],"The":[91],"performance":[92],"OPVs":[94],"using":[95,127],"oxides":[99],"based":[101],"P3HT:PC":[104],"BM":[108],"blend":[109],"photoactive":[112],"layer":[113,134],"reached":[114],"values":[115],"3.97%,":[117],"an":[118],"increase":[119],"about":[121],"53%":[122],"compared":[123],"with":[124],"device":[126],"not":[135],"subjected":[136],"annealing.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}