{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130598513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ictc66702.2025.11389049","title":"Energy Efficiency Optimization for Open RAN System: Architecture and Research Trends","display_name":"Energy Efficiency Optimization for Open RAN System: Architecture and Research Trends","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130598513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ictc66702.2025.11389049"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ictc66702.2025.11389049","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ictc66702.2025.11389049","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 16th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064795205","display_name":"Seongryool Wee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118373667","display_name":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00chfja07","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seongryool Wee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University of Science and Technology,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Seoul,Korea,01811"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Seoul,Korea,01811","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126381696","display_name":"Heejae Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118373667","display_name":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00chfja07","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heejae Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University of Science and Technology,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Seoul,Korea,01811"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Seoul,Korea,01811","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102078082","display_name":"Seungyeop Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118373667","display_name":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00chfja07","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seungyeop Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University of Science and Technology,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Seoul,Korea,01811"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Seoul,Korea,01811","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069928094","display_name":"Laihyuk Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7848-8470"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118373667","display_name":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00chfja07","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laihyuk Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University of Science and Technology,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Seoul,Korea,01811"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Seoul,Korea,01811","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"502","last_page":"503"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.34369999170303345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.34369999170303345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.10760000348091125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.05119999870657921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.7764999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.6207000017166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-ran","display_name":"C-RAN","score":0.6087999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5212000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-efficiency","display_name":"Resource efficiency","score":0.4758000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4499000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-access-network","display_name":"Radio access network","score":0.4401000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.36329999566078186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.7764999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6207000017166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779765720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5005908","display_name":"C-RAN","level":5,"score":0.6087999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5985000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5212000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777958785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17120940","display_name":"Resource efficiency","level":2,"score":0.4758000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4499000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.44269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.4401000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.36329999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.3515999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.3255999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.325300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.32409998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777423268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3663116","display_name":"Energy balance","level":2,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160704184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18031028","display_name":"Ran","level":2,"score":0.31850001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182448111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7281197","display_name":"Radio resource management","level":4,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3003000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101541887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1555675","display_name":"Remote radio head","level":4,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778464652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309849","display_name":"Open research","level":2,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98025372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477538","display_name":"Systems architecture","level":3,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11644782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15401790","display_name":"Cost efficiency","level":2,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ictc66702.2025.11389049","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ictc66702.2025.11389049","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 16th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8523771166801453,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4392410865","https://openalex.org/W4393171964","https://openalex.org/W4400783551","https://openalex.org/W4400866922","https://openalex.org/W4401508502","https://openalex.org/W4409221702","https://openalex.org/W4409581172","https://openalex.org/W4410086909"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"O-RAN":[0,31],"(Open":[1],"Radio":[2],"Access":[3],"Network)":[4],"architecture":[5],"that":[6,74],"provides":[7],"flexibility":[8],"based":[9],"on":[10],"virtualization":[11],"and":[12,71,80],"open":[13],"interfaces":[14],"has":[15,25],"gained":[16,26],"interest":[17],"in":[18,43,49],"the":[19,30,40,76],"telecommunications":[20],"industry.":[21],"Recently,":[22],"energy":[23,47,81],"efficiency":[24,48],"significant":[27],"attention":[28],"within":[29],"system,":[32],"prompting":[33],"various":[34],"research":[35,41],"efforts.":[36],"This":[37],"paper":[38],"summarizes":[39],"trends":[42],"approaches":[44,52],"for":[45],"improving":[46],"O-RAN.":[50],"The":[51],"include":[53],"AI-based":[54],"resource":[55],"allocation,":[56],"RF":[57],"(Radio":[58],"Frequency)":[59],"front-end":[60],"dynamic":[61],"control,":[62],"adaptive":[63],"management":[64],"of":[65],"CPU":[66],"(Central":[67],"Processing":[68],"Unit)":[69],"cores,":[70],"a":[72],"framework":[73],"considers":[75],"balance":[77],"between":[78],"delay":[79],"efficiency.":[82]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-02-20T00:00:00"}
