{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130576565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ictc66702.2025.11388097","title":"A Token-Based Handshake Protocol for Secure Offline Communication in Tactical MANETs","display_name":"A Token-Based Handshake Protocol for Secure Offline Communication in Tactical MANETs","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130576565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ictc66702.2025.11388097"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ictc66702.2025.11388097","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ictc66702.2025.11388097","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 16th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115873248","display_name":"Hope Leticia Nakayiza","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hope Leticia Nakayiza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kumoh National Institute of Technology,IT-Convergence Engineering,Gumi,South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology,IT-Convergence Engineering,Gumi,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018695820","display_name":"Love Allen Chijioke Ahakonye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2840-1693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Love Allen Chijioke Ahakonye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kumoh National Institute of Technology,ICT Convergence Research Center,Gumi,South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology,ICT Convergence Research Center,Gumi,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013003534","display_name":"D. Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong-Seong Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kumoh National Institute of Technology,IT-Convergence Engineering,Gumi,South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology,IT-Convergence Engineering,Gumi,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100381284","display_name":"Jae Min Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3534-1844"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae Min Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kumoh National Institute of Technology,IT-Convergence Engineering,Gumi,South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology,IT-Convergence Engineering,Gumi,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66206077,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1782","last_page":"1787"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.842199981212616,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.842199981212616,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.08290000259876251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.02239999920129776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handshake","display_name":"Handshake","score":0.7921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.6952999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payload","display_name":"Payload (computing)","score":0.5368000268936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5271000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-communication","display_name":"Secure communication","score":0.46619999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.44940000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.4449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replay-attack","display_name":"Replay attack","score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.3917999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.3878999948501587}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778000800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830043","display_name":"Handshake","level":3,"score":0.7921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7293000221252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7257999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.6952999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134066672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424639","display_name":"Payload (computing)","level":3,"score":0.5368000268936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5271000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.47850000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510870077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444868","display_name":"Secure communication","level":3,"score":0.46619999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.44940000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.4449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11560541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756025","display_name":"Replay attack","level":3,"score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.3917999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.3878999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9996903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1749235","display_name":"Cryptographic nonce","level":3,"score":0.37940001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781221063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6944186","display_name":"Mutual authentication","level":3,"score":0.36320000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.3610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141492731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052621","display_name":"Message authentication code","level":3,"score":0.3476000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.34619998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12269588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132364","display_name":"Communications protocol","level":2,"score":0.3248000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198104137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974688","display_name":"Communication source","level":2,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118463975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220849","display_name":"Digital signature","level":3,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.2793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91280400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Mobile ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99674996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414155","display_name":"Key exchange","level":4,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115067241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639854","display_name":"Token passing","level":3,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ictc66702.2025.11388097","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ictc66702.2025.11388097","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 16th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6098078489303589,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2095708839","https://openalex.org/W2112316694","https://openalex.org/W2565444962","https://openalex.org/W2811403994","https://openalex.org/W2923583053","https://openalex.org/W3181795358","https://openalex.org/W3212460484","https://openalex.org/W4210291204","https://openalex.org/W4280642966","https://openalex.org/W4296707631","https://openalex.org/W4321505376","https://openalex.org/W4382987649","https://openalex.org/W4386746496","https://openalex.org/W4390189527","https://openalex.org/W4392154853","https://openalex.org/W4400821227","https://openalex.org/W4401475250","https://openalex.org/W4403942058","https://openalex.org/W4405104064","https://openalex.org/W4405656791","https://openalex.org/W4406355807"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Military":[0],"vehicles":[1],"operating":[2],"in":[3,59,114],"tactical":[4,122],"mobile":[5],"adhoc":[6],"networks":[7],"(MANETs)":[8],"frequently":[9],"encounter":[10],"adversarial":[11],"environments":[12],"where":[13],"connectivity":[14,87],"to":[15,106],"conventional":[16],"communication":[17,84],"infrastructure":[18],"is":[19,80],"unavailable":[20],"or":[21],"disrupted.":[22],"Ensuring":[23],"continuous,":[24],"secure,":[25],"and":[26,57,75,86,97,109],"verifiable":[27],"message":[28,43,111],"exchange":[29],"under":[30,82],"such":[31,91],"constraints":[32],"remains":[33],"a":[34,40,48,60,68],"significant":[35],"challenge.":[36],"This":[37],"paper":[38],"presents":[39],"lightweight,":[41],"infrastructure-independent":[42],"delivery":[44,94,112],"framework":[45,79],"based":[46],"on":[47],"self-contained":[49],"cryptographic":[50],"token":[51],"that":[52],"combines":[53],"authentication,":[54],"integrity":[55],"verification,":[56],"payload":[58],"single":[61],"structure.":[62],"To":[63],"support":[64],"secure":[65,108],"peer-to-peer":[66],"exchange,":[67],"Schnorr-based":[69],"mutual":[70],"authentication":[71],"handshake":[72],"prevents":[73],"spoofing":[74],"replay":[76],"attacks.":[77],"The":[78],"evaluated":[81],"varying":[83],"ranges":[85],"levels,":[88],"using":[89],"metrics":[90],"as":[92],"packet":[93],"ratio,":[95],"latency,":[96],"SNR-based":[98],"drops.":[99],"Simulation":[100],"results":[101],"confirm":[102],"the":[103],"system\u2019s":[104],"ability":[105],"maintain":[107],"efficient":[110],"even":[113],"fully":[115],"disconnected":[116],"scenarios,":[117],"demonstrating":[118],"its":[119],"suitability":[120],"for":[121],"military":[123],"deployments.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2026-02-20T00:00:00"}