{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391149305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ictc58733.2023.10392437","title":"MetaHate: Text-based Hate Speech Detection for Metaverse Applications using Deep Learning","display_name":"MetaHate: Text-based Hate Speech Detection for Metaverse Applications using Deep Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391149305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ictc58733.2023.10392437"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ictc58733.2023.10392437","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ictc58733.2023.10392437","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 14th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079719765","display_name":"Judith Nkechinyere Njoku","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2294-9204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147194","display_name":"Convergence","ror":"https://ror.org/03kcznq08","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147194"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Judith Nkechinyere Njoku","raw_affiliation_strings":["IT Convergence Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IT Convergence Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093772860","display_name":"Anthony Uchenna Eneh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142690","display_name":"AFRICSant\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/0404w7c41","country_code":"BF","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142690"]}],"countries":["BF"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Uchenna Eneh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Africhange Technologies Ltd,Frontend Engineering Team, Tech and Product Department,Nigeria","Frontend Engineering Team, Tech and Product Department, Africhange Technologies Ltd, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Africhange Technologies Ltd,Frontend Engineering Team, Tech and Product Department,Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142690"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontend Engineering Team, Tech and Product Department, Africhange Technologies Ltd, Nigeria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078533150","display_name":"Cosmas Ifeanyi Nwakanma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3614-2687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cosmas Ifeanyi Nwakanma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kumoh National Institute of Technology,ICT Convergence Research Center,Korea","ICT Convergence Research Center, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology,ICT Convergence Research Center,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICT Convergence Research Center, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100702253","display_name":"Jae\u2010Min Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6885-5185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147194","display_name":"Convergence","ror":"https://ror.org/03kcznq08","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147194"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae-Min Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["IT Convergence Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IT Convergence Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147194"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102829948","display_name":"Dong\u2010Seong Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2977-5964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147194","display_name":"Convergence","ror":"https://ror.org/03kcznq08","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147194"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong-Seong Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["IT Convergence Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IT Convergence Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147194"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6534,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71419635,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"979","last_page":"984"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9467999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaverse","display_name":"Metaverse","score":0.8584370613098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.767133355140686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5705187320709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5092836618423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4009536802768707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.38690394163131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.23534256219863892}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53332860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632041","display_name":"Metaverse","level":3,"score":0.8584370613098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.767133355140686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5705187320709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5092836618423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4009536802768707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.38690394163131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.23534256219863892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ictc58733.2023.10392437","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ictc58733.2023.10392437","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 14th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2595653137","https://openalex.org/W2971150411","https://openalex.org/W2998764526","https://openalex.org/W3119860226","https://openalex.org/W3135057108","https://openalex.org/W3184161195","https://openalex.org/W3199748875","https://openalex.org/W4206555055","https://openalex.org/W4210586402","https://openalex.org/W4210804765","https://openalex.org/W4225781865","https://openalex.org/W4290065450","https://openalex.org/W4309969839","https://openalex.org/W4317207036","https://openalex.org/W4372270896","https://openalex.org/W6788231575","https://openalex.org/W6810533369"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770234245","https://openalex.org/W96612179","https://openalex.org/W4229499248","https://openalex.org/W2566006169","https://openalex.org/W2987774938","https://openalex.org/W4256492088","https://openalex.org/W632915154","https://openalex.org/W2055733372","https://openalex.org/W3022067003","https://openalex.org/W4378874356"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rise":[1],"of":[2,44,108],"digital":[3,24],"communication":[4],"and":[5,82,91,115],"the":[6,38,59,85,96,106],"metaverse":[7],"has":[8],"revolutionized":[9],"interaction":[10],"paradigms,":[11],"while":[12],"also":[13],"introducing":[14],"challenges":[15],"in":[16,23,58],"ensuring":[17],"safe":[18],"engagements.":[19],"Hate":[20],"speech,":[21],"pervasive":[22],"spaces,":[25],"threatens":[26],"inclusivity.":[27],"This":[28,102],"research":[29],"introduces":[30],"a":[31,41],"tailored":[32],"hate":[33,110],"speech":[34,111],"detection":[35,50],"system":[36],"for":[37],"metaverse.":[39],"Through":[40],"comprehensive":[42],"evaluation":[43],"deep":[45],"learning":[46],"models,":[47],"effective":[48],"real-time":[49],"approaches":[51],"are":[52,62],"identified.":[53],"To":[54],"guarantee":[55],"reliable":[56],"deployment":[57],"metaverse,":[60],"models":[61],"subjected":[63],"to":[64],"explainability":[65],"assessments":[66],"using":[67],"Local":[68],"Interpretable":[69],"Model-Agnostic":[70],"Explanations":[71],"(LIME).":[72],"A":[73],"lightweight":[74],"Convolutional":[75],"Neural":[76],"Network":[77],"(CNN)":[78],"model":[79,98],"is":[80],"developed":[81],"deployed":[83],"on":[84],"Roblox":[86],"server,":[87],"exhibiting":[88],"commendable":[89],"accuracy":[90],"efficiency.":[92],"Remarkably,":[93],"quantization":[94],"reduces":[95],"CNN":[97],"size":[99],"by":[100],"93.59%.":[101],"pioneering":[103],"study":[104],"addresses":[105],"dearth":[107],"metaverse-focused":[109],"research,":[112],"fostering":[113],"secure":[114],"inclusive":[116],"virtual":[117],"spaces.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}