{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2997430685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ictc46691.2019.8939863","title":"Understanding the Deployment Cost of Cloud Computing Services for the Higher Education Institutions","display_name":"Understanding the Deployment Cost of Cloud Computing Services for the Higher Education Institutions","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2997430685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ictc46691.2019.8939863","mag":"2997430685"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ictc46691.2019.8939863","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ictc46691.2019.8939863","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110724164","display_name":"Cheol-ho Choi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799389823","display_name":"Korea Education and Research Information Service","ror":"https://ror.org/020r4p198","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799389823","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210114506","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheol-Ho Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Office of Information Technology & Service, Korea University, Seoul, Korea","Korea University,Office of Information Technology & Service,Seoul,Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of Information Technology & Service, Korea University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611","https://openalex.org/I2799389823"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University,Office of Information Technology & Service,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611","https://openalex.org/I2799389823"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091820256","display_name":"Chaeeun Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3778-6177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096592","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy","ror":"https://ror.org/00bj0r217","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210096592"]}],"countries":["DE","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaeeun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cyber Security & Privacy (ICSP) Korea University, Seoul, Korea","Institute of Cyber Security and Privacy (ICSP), Korea University, Seoul, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cyber Security & Privacy (ICSP) Korea University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096592"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cyber Security and Privacy (ICSP), Korea University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083636032","display_name":"Jemin Justin Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799513029","display_name":"Security Information Service","ror":"https://ror.org/01tjgrk20","country_code":"CZ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799513029"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I878022262","display_name":"Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information","ror":"https://ror.org/01k4yrm29","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I878022262"]}],"countries":["CZ","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jemin Justin Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Information Security Technology (CIST), Korea University, Seoul, Korea","Korea University,Center for Information Security Technology (CIST),Seoul,Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Information Security Technology (CIST), Korea University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799513029"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University,Center for Information Security Technology (CIST),Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611","https://openalex.org/I878022262"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100767530","display_name":"Kyungho Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5183-5927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096592","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy","ror":"https://ror.org/00bj0r217","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210096592"]}],"countries":["DE","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyungho Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cyber Security & Privacy (ICSP) Korea University, Seoul, Korea","Institute of Cyber Security and Privacy (ICSP), Korea University, Seoul, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cyber Security & Privacy (ICSP) Korea University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096592"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cyber Security and Privacy (ICSP), Korea University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6585,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7037771,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"438","last_page":"443"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.8788711428642273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-expense","display_name":"Operating expense","score":0.8194729089736938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.7250292301177979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6942064762115479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.6428593397140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-cost-of-ownership","display_name":"Total cost of ownership","score":0.6082409620285034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-center","display_name":"Data center","score":0.4918844699859619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/utility-computing","display_name":"Utility computing","score":0.44243088364601135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4415706992149353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education","display_name":"Higher education","score":0.4172079563140869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.412168025970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.4048270285129547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-management","display_name":"Engineering management","score":0.35407790541648865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.24932602047920227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2358880639076233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.22323748469352722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing-security","display_name":"Cloud computing security","score":0.21738070249557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0866827666759491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.0857519805431366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.8788711428642273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87450203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831940","display_name":"Operating expense","level":2,"score":0.8194729089736938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.7250292301177979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6942064762115479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.6428593397140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778434605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2445479","display_name":"Total cost of ownership","level":2,"score":0.6082409620285034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153740404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671224","display_name":"Data center","level":2,"score":0.4918844699859619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85106507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188445","display_name":"Utility computing","level":4,"score":0.44243088364601135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4415706992149353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.4172079563140869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.412168025970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.4048270285129547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.35407790541648865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.24932602047920227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2358880639076233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.22323748469352722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.21738070249557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0866827666759491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0857519805431366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ictc46691.2019.8939863","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ictc46691.2019.8939863","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975680228","https://openalex.org/W1975809061","https://openalex.org/W2038249652","https://openalex.org/W2103580018","https://openalex.org/W2131629857","https://openalex.org/W2155587493","https://openalex.org/W2331206060","https://openalex.org/W2515538372","https://openalex.org/W2889997046"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2220423884","https://openalex.org/W208085688","https://openalex.org/W2299190340","https://openalex.org/W2072697037","https://openalex.org/W3120045760","https://openalex.org/W2140291612","https://openalex.org/W2626723449","https://openalex.org/W2996997169","https://openalex.org/W76185679","https://openalex.org/W2002347338"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cloud":[0],"Computing":[1],"(CC)":[2],"have":[3,42,65],"been":[4],"widely":[5],"adopted":[6],"in":[7],"the":[8,12,16,31,34,59,82,101,110,128,139,150,172],"educational":[9,123,183],"institutions":[10,44,67,181],"during":[11],"past":[13],"decade,":[14],"as":[15],"virtual":[17],"infrastructures":[18],"and":[19,26,52,61,72,84,91,99,105,141,153,162,176,182],"shared":[20],"architectures":[21],"offer":[22],"various":[23,40],"work":[24],"groups":[25],"parties":[27],"to":[28,45,68],"benefit":[29,169],"from":[30],"solutions.":[32],"With":[33],"emergence":[35],"of":[36,50,113,116],"cloud":[37],"centric":[38],"applications,":[39],"technologies":[41],"allowed":[43,66],"gain":[46],"a":[47,88,93,117,121,157,167,187],"wide":[48],"range":[49],"applications":[51],"services":[53],"that":[54,178],"are":[55],"beneficial":[56],"for":[57,75,109,132,155,171],"both":[58],"educators":[60],"students.":[62],"Furthermore,":[63,125],"CC":[64,94,133,158,177,191],"reduce":[69],"storage":[70],"costs":[71],"up-front":[73],"commitment":[74],"computing":[76,160],"infrastructure":[77,161],"implementations.":[78],"This":[79],"study":[80],"quantifies":[81],"components":[83],"parameters":[85],"when":[86,185],"deploying":[87,186],"HPC":[89,118,163,188],"center":[90,119],"adopting":[92],"based":[95,159],"facility.":[96],"We":[97,165],"investigate":[98],"identify":[100],"CAPital":[102],"Expenses":[103,107],"(CAPEX)":[104],"OPerating":[106],"(OPEX)":[108],"Total":[111],"Cost":[112],"Ownership":[114],"(TCO)":[115],"within":[120],"higher":[122],"environment.":[124],"we":[126,148],"discuss":[127,149],"software":[129],"licensing":[130,143],"models":[131],"which":[134],"can":[135,179],"be":[136],"classified":[137],"into":[138],"perpetual":[140],"subscription-based":[142],"model.":[144,192],"In":[145],"this":[146],"study,":[147],"financial":[151],"benefits":[152],"opportunities":[154],"utilizing":[156],"center.":[164],"propose":[166],"cost":[168],"framework":[170],"in-house":[173],"compute":[174],"facility":[175,189],"help":[180],"stakeholders":[184],"or":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}