{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2775056214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ictc.2017.8191034","title":"Quasi-gray coding scheme for a (3\u00d72<sup>2m'+1</sup>)-ary QAM with two-time dimensions","display_name":"Quasi-gray coding scheme for a (3\u00d72<sup>2m'+1</sup>)-ary QAM with two-time dimensions","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2775056214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ictc.2017.8191034","mag":"2775056214"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ictc.2017.8191034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ictc.2017.8191034","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053025320","display_name":"Hyunhwa Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5625-3141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hyunhwa Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100416293","display_name":"Jihoon Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7736-027X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jihoon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103216247","display_name":"Hae Chung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6920-2714"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hae Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044819930","display_name":"Liangping Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5510-9332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36326968","display_name":"InterDigital (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w335z67","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36326968"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liangping Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["InterDigital Communications, Inc, San Diego, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InterDigital Communications, Inc, San Diego, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36326968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016987554","display_name":"Byung K. Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9727-4385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36326968","display_name":"InterDigital (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w335z67","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36326968"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Byung K. Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["InterDigital Communications, Inc, San Diego, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InterDigital Communications, Inc, San Diego, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36326968"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051123787","display_name":"Byung Keun Lim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36326968","display_name":"InterDigital (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w335z67","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36326968"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Byung Keun Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["InterDigital Communications, Inc, San Diego, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InterDigital Communications, Inc, San Diego, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36326968"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053025320"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.171216,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"530","last_page":"535"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gray-code","display_name":"Gray code","score":0.8470965027809143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.6923061013221741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qam","display_name":"QAM","score":0.6805055141448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5935022830963135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-fading","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","score":0.5712985992431641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation-diagram","display_name":"Constellation diagram","score":0.5614116191864014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-white-gaussian-noise","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","score":0.5131180882453918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4483024477958679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.4427143931388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.43414685130119324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diamond","display_name":"Diamond","score":0.41910991072654724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.4173009395599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.397811621427536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.37249094247817993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3666444420814514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.35676655173301697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2080569565296173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.15604913234710693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-noise","display_name":"White noise","score":0.11263489723205566}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129861397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332772","display_name":"Gray code","level":2,"score":0.8470965027809143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.6923061013221741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59030546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7265371","display_name":"QAM","level":5,"score":0.6805055141448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5935022830963135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56985126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854039","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","level":4,"score":0.5712985992431641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185837786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782940","display_name":"Constellation diagram","level":4,"score":0.5614116191864014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169334058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353292","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","level":3,"score":0.5131180882453918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4483024477958679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.4427143931388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.43414685130119324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776921476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283","display_name":"Diamond","level":2,"score":0.41910991072654724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.4173009395599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.397811621427536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.37249094247817993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3666444420814514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.35676655173301697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2080569565296173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.15604913234710693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112633086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381287","display_name":"White noise","level":2,"score":0.11263489723205566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ictc.2017.8191034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ictc.2017.8191034","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W604579479","https://openalex.org/W614880456","https://openalex.org/W2108717019","https://openalex.org/W2153603787","https://openalex.org/W2560430706","https://openalex.org/W2606736916","https://openalex.org/W6730335410"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2082947723","https://openalex.org/W2162782586","https://openalex.org/W2134787684","https://openalex.org/W2541426150","https://openalex.org/W2380145154","https://openalex.org/W1965149283","https://openalex.org/W1600065361","https://openalex.org/W4289337235","https://openalex.org/W2776889143","https://openalex.org/W2314551182"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,13,20,38,49,70,74,86,95,103,107],"conventional":[2],"QAM":[3,28,75],"has":[4,41,52,106],"a":[5,64],"square":[6],"constellation,":[7],"PAPR":[8,43,54],"is":[9],"high":[10,42],"due":[11],"to":[12,69],"corner":[14],"signal":[15],"points.":[16],"To":[17],"overcome":[18],"this,":[19],"(3":[21],"\u00d7":[22],"2":[23],"<sup":[24],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[25],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">m</sup>":[26],")-ary":[27],"with":[29,76],"even":[30],"m":[31],"was":[32],"proposed":[33],"recently.":[34],"For":[35],"odd":[36],"m,":[37],"rectangular":[39],"constellation":[40,51,72,105],"and":[44,55,79,97,101],"perfect":[45],"Gray":[46,57],"code,":[47],"while":[48],"diamond":[50,71,104],"low":[53],"imperfect":[56],"code.":[58],"In":[59],"this":[60],"paper,":[61],"we":[62],"propose":[63],"scheme":[65],"assigning":[66],"quasi-Gray":[67],"code":[68],"for":[73,94],"two-time":[77],"dimensions":[78],"provide":[80],"its":[81],"generating":[82],"equation":[83],"which":[84],"reduces":[85],"hardware":[87],"complexity.":[88],"Numerical":[89],"results":[90],"show":[91],"BER":[92],"performances":[93],"AWGN":[96],"Rayleigh":[98],"fading":[99],"channels":[100],"that":[102],"lowest":[108],"PAPR.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}