{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2613356413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ictas.2017.7920663","title":"A distance-based approach to modelling reference signature for verification","display_name":"A distance-based approach to modelling reference signature for verification","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2613356413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ictas.2017.7920663","mag":"2613356413"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ictas.2017.7920663","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ictas.2017.7920663","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 Conference on Information Communication Technology and Society (ICTAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083452960","display_name":"A. S. P. Mlaba","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. S. P. Mlaba","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017436564","display_name":"Mandlenkosi Gwetu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4717-5882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. V. Gwetu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054315649","display_name":"Serestina Viriri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2850-8645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Viriri","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083452960"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2731,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62391393,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9782000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signature","display_name":"Signature (topology)","score":0.8199893236160278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6599181294441223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.5740557312965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-time-warping","display_name":"Dynamic time warping","score":0.5432596802711487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.48996701836586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.4652484357357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signature","display_name":"Digital signature","score":0.4638986587524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.46378079056739807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4219881594181061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4203414022922516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.38997048139572144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3554530143737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20325669646263123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10671710968017578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.0793549120426178}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.8199893236160278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6599181294441223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5740557312965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88516994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268863","display_name":"Dynamic time warping","level":2,"score":0.5432596802711487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.48996701836586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4652484357357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118463975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220849","display_name":"Digital signature","level":3,"score":0.4638986587524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46378079056739807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4219881594181061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4203414022922516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.38997048139572144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3554530143737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20325669646263123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10671710968017578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0793549120426178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ictas.2017.7920663","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ictas.2017.7920663","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 Conference on Information Communication Technology and Society (ICTAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2074035358","https://openalex.org/W4288408129","https://openalex.org/W4385731201","https://openalex.org/W2149234266","https://openalex.org/W2390942931","https://openalex.org/W2717908993","https://openalex.org/W1932157736","https://openalex.org/W1981680180","https://openalex.org/W2104321465","https://openalex.org/W4250384982"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Signature":[0,65,74],"verification":[1,6],"is":[2,81,93],"very":[3],"important":[4],"in":[5,15,21],"and":[7,30,67,86,117,119,125,132],"authentication":[8],"systems":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11],"its":[12],"widespread":[13],"use":[14],"our":[16],"daily":[17],"lives.":[18],"Previous":[19],"research":[20],"this":[22,34],"field":[23],"has":[24],"mainly":[25],"focused":[26],"on":[27,83,103],"optimizing":[28],"features":[29],"matching":[31,97],"algorithms.":[32],"In":[33],"paper,":[35],"we":[36],"present":[37],"an":[38],"effective":[39],"alternative":[40],"approach":[41],"for":[42,127],"producing":[43],"a":[44,96],"reference":[45],"signature":[46,84],"that":[47],"generalizes":[48],"the":[49,52,61,69,87,104,108,128],"properties":[50],"of":[51,107,115,123],"given":[53],"sample":[54],"signatures.":[55],"Two":[56],"experiments":[57],"are":[58],"conducted:":[59],"using":[60,68],"traditional":[62],"Average":[63,71],"Reference":[64],"(ARS)":[66],"new":[70],"Permutative":[72],"Difference":[73],"(APDS)":[75],"approach.":[76],"The":[77],"Discrete":[78],"Fourier":[79],"Transform":[80],"applied":[82],"information":[85],"Fast":[88],"Dynamic":[89],"Time":[90],"Warping":[91],"algorithm":[92],"used":[94],"as":[95],"algorithm.":[98],"Experiments":[99],"were":[100],"carried":[101],"out":[102],"skilled":[105],"forgeries":[106],"SVC2004":[109],"database,":[110],"yielding":[111],"False":[112,120],"Rejection":[113],"Rates":[114,122],"0.31":[116],"0.51;":[118],"Acceptance":[121],"1.84":[124],"1.36,":[126],"two":[129],"approaches":[130],"(ARS":[131],"APDS)":[133],"respectively.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}