{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390337082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icta60488.2023.10364304","title":"Graph Neural Network Assisted S-Parameter Inference and Control-Word Generation of Terahertz Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface","display_name":"Graph Neural Network Assisted S-Parameter Inference and Control-Word Generation of Terahertz Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390337082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icta60488.2023.10364304"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icta60488.2023.10364304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icta60488.2023.10364304","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Integrated Circuits, Technologies and Applications (ICTA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079687587","display_name":"Zihan Ning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9692-1976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zihan Ning","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076816136","display_name":"Tong Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9398-6216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111102009","display_name":"Jizhao Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jizhao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101901367","display_name":"Yanfei Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0769-6648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanfei Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020801023","display_name":"Chenjia Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4982-6770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenjia Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039665206","display_name":"Li Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2687-6978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080446766","display_name":"Lianggong Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5669-7340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lianggong Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084816122","display_name":"Yuan Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5316-619X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079687587"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0817,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30599399,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"41","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.97079998254776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6791319251060486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6196297407150269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6129723191261292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-radiation","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","score":0.520440399646759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5026414394378662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.49564802646636963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.45991459488868713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse","display_name":"Inverse","score":0.44376707077026367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.43255653977394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36135178804397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3397843837738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3241123557090759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27408528327941895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.20786941051483154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.16122207045555115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13443654775619507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.12405675649642944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11902326345443726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.0759117603302002}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6791319251060486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6196297407150269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6129723191261292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.520440399646759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5026414394378662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.49564802646636963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.45991459488868713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207467116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4385666","display_name":"Inverse","level":2,"score":0.44376707077026367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.43255653977394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36135178804397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3397843837738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3241123557090759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27408528327941895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.20786941051483154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16122207045555115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13443654775619507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.12405675649642944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11902326345443726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.0759117603302002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icta60488.2023.10364304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icta60488.2023.10364304","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Integrated Circuits, Technologies and Applications (ICTA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5798739371","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFA0717700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7134862487","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62211530492,62141411,62004096,62004097","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7956575426","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021B1515120012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2916840009","https://openalex.org/W2937816906","https://openalex.org/W3089238458","https://openalex.org/W3143910385","https://openalex.org/W3201311145","https://openalex.org/W6763676199"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033952283","https://openalex.org/W2762687161","https://openalex.org/W2353254830","https://openalex.org/W2351210568","https://openalex.org/W2028421553","https://openalex.org/W2890072373","https://openalex.org/W3000002614","https://openalex.org/W2800192479","https://openalex.org/W3040184894","https://openalex.org/W2105973023"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"large-scale":[1],"terahertz":[2],"(THz)":[3],"reconfigurable":[4],"intelligent":[5],"surfaces":[6],"(RIS),":[7],"each":[8],"unit":[9],"element":[10],"is":[11,96],"supposed":[12],"to":[13,23,47,59],"be":[14],"controlled":[15],"by":[16],"an":[17],"independent":[18],"voltage":[19],"source.":[20],"This":[21],"leads":[22],"a":[24,41,86],"huge":[25],"solution":[26],"space":[27],"for":[28,64],"both":[29],"key":[30],"metrics":[31],"inference":[32],"and":[33,58,83],"control-word":[34,44],"generation.":[35],"In":[36],"this":[37],"paper,":[38],"we":[39],"propose":[40],"fast":[42],"AI-assisted":[43],"generation":[45],"scheme":[46],"reduce":[48],"the":[49,61,74,79,111],"computation":[50],"cost":[51],"of":[52,92],"Electro-Magnetic":[53],"(EM)":[54],"simulations":[55],"(Forward":[56],"Model)":[57],"accelerate":[60],"iteration":[62],"process":[63],"control":[65,117],"word":[66],"search":[67],"(Inverse":[68],"Model).":[69],"The":[70],"results":[71],"demonstrate":[72],"that":[73],"Forward":[75],"Model":[76,113],"can":[77,114],"predict":[78],"S-parameters":[80],"between":[81],"100GHz":[82],"800GHz":[84],"with":[85],"minimal":[87],"mean":[88],"absolute":[89],"error":[90,122],"(MAE)":[91],"0.69dB.":[93],"Our":[94],"method":[95],"more":[97],"than":[98,102,126],"180":[99],"times":[100],"faster":[101],"traditional":[103],"full-wave":[104],"simulation":[105],"methods":[106],"without":[107],"training":[108],"time.":[109],"Additionally,":[110],"Inverse":[112],"generate":[115],"demanded":[116],"words":[118],"within":[119],"1.5":[120],"dB":[121],"requirement":[123],"in":[124],"less":[125],"200":[127],"iterations.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}