{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4310614810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icta56932.2022.9963136","title":"LIPFD-NPU: Low-overhead Instruction-driven Permanent Fault Detection for Neural Processing Unit","display_name":"LIPFD-NPU: Low-overhead Instruction-driven Permanent Fault Detection for Neural Processing Unit","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4310614810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icta56932.2022.9963136"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icta56932.2022.9963136","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icta56932.2022.9963136","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608577","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Integrated Circuits, Technologies and Applications (ICTA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Integrated Circuits, Technologies and Applications (ICTA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019671290","display_name":"Pengfei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6252-7663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pengfei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,China","Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, China","College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100401156","display_name":"Zheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2855-9570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science,Shenzhen,China","Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041568217","display_name":"Zhiming Pan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiming Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,China","College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002998365","display_name":"Weilun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2820-6381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weilun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science,Shenzhen,China","Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019671290"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3219,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44270509,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"22","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emulation","display_name":"Emulation","score":0.7652125358581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6614214181900024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.6475304961204529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5775195360183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.522804856300354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace","display_name":"Aerospace","score":0.5125157833099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection-and-isolation","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","score":0.4999227523803711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4950198531150818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.48499104380607605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.47325900197029114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-emulation","display_name":"Hardware emulation","score":0.4705120921134949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.4363607168197632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.29167336225509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.26510125398635864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20625129342079163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12302359938621521}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.7652125358581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6614214181900024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.6475304961204529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5775195360183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.522804856300354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167740415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2876213","display_name":"Aerospace","level":2,"score":0.5125157833099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.4999227523803711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4950198531150818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.48499104380607605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.47325900197029114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94115699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5656406","display_name":"Hardware emulation","level":3,"score":0.4705120921134949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4363607168197632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29167336225509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.26510125398635864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20625129342079163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12302359938621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icta56932.2022.9963136","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icta56932.2022.9963136","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608577","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Integrated Circuits, Technologies and Applications (ICTA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Integrated Circuits, Technologies and Applications (ICTA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2604319603","https://openalex.org/W2963396341","https://openalex.org/W3003111050","https://openalex.org/W3128389908","https://openalex.org/W3174102460","https://openalex.org/W4226335630"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2170071008","https://openalex.org/W2103996454","https://openalex.org/W2106791114","https://openalex.org/W3029775214","https://openalex.org/W2390650884","https://openalex.org/W2093057572","https://openalex.org/W2001552871","https://openalex.org/W1974143443","https://openalex.org/W2353557016","https://openalex.org/W2129151116"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neural":[0],"Processing":[1],"Unit":[2],"(NPU)":[3],"has":[4],"become":[5],"the":[6,19,61,96],"state-of-the-art":[7],"solution":[8],"for":[9,69],"accelerating":[10],"artificial":[11],"neural":[12],"networks":[13],"and":[14,28,40,72,91,101,131],"is":[15,47,110],"increasingly":[16],"integrated":[17],"on":[18,51,95],"System-on-Chip":[20],"(SoC)":[21],"of":[22,60,103,126],"edge":[23],"devices":[24],"such":[25,36],"as":[26,37],"smartphones":[27],"cameras.":[29],"However,":[30],"adopting":[31],"NPU":[32],"in":[33,87,128,133],"mission-critical":[34],"systems,":[35],"aerospace":[38],"aircraft":[39],"autonomous":[41],"driving":[42],"demands":[43],"high":[44],"reliability,":[45],"which":[46],"currently":[48],"less":[49],"explored":[50],"industrial":[52],"NPUs.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55],"work,":[56],"we":[57],"target":[58],"one":[59],"critical":[62],"reliability":[63],"issues":[64],"-":[65,68],"permanent":[66],"fault":[67,76,107],"modern":[70],"NPUs":[71],"provide":[73],"an":[74],"instruction-driven":[75],"detection":[77],"method":[78],"named":[79],"LIPFD-NPU.":[80,114],"The":[81,115],"approach":[82],"executes":[83],"dedicated":[84],"network":[85],"instructions":[86],"a":[88],"self-testing":[89],"fashion":[90],"generates":[92],"fine-grained":[93],"information":[94],"potential":[97],"fault's":[98],"location,":[99],"type":[100],"level":[102],"impact.":[104],"An":[105],"FPGA-based":[106],"emulation":[108],"framework":[109],"used":[111],"to":[112],"verify":[113],"results":[116],"indicate":[117],"that":[118],"LIPFD-NPU":[119],"effectively":[120],"detects":[121],"faults":[122],"with":[123],"tiny":[124],"overheads":[125],"0.2%":[127],"silicon":[129],"area":[130],"0.5%":[132],"power":[134],"consumption.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
