{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388406436","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ict4da59526.2023.10302253","title":"Bi-Directional Machine Translation Between Amharic and Khimtagne Using Deep Learning","display_name":"Bi-Directional Machine Translation Between Amharic and Khimtagne Using Deep Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388406436","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ict4da59526.2023.10302253"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ict4da59526.2023.10302253","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ict4da59526.2023.10302253","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for Development for Africa (ICT4DA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093203993","display_name":"Adane Kasie Chekole","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57092466","display_name":"Bahir Dar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01670bg46","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adane Kasie Chekole","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University,Bahir Dar,Ethiopia","Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University,Bahir Dar,Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079615141","display_name":"Tesfa Tegegne Asfaw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0392-9088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57092466","display_name":"Bahir Dar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01670bg46","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tesfa Tegegne Asfaw","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University,Bahir Dar,Ethiopia","Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University,Bahir Dar,Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067686023","display_name":"Mengistu Kinfe Negia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57092466","display_name":"Bahir Dar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01670bg46","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengistu Kinfe Negia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University,Bahir Dar,Ethiopia","Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University,Bahir Dar,Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1632,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57363655,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"176","last_page":"180"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.984000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amharic","display_name":"Amharic","score":0.992804765701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.9179542064666748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8522428274154663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7682042717933655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.7349398136138916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5872243642807007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5277096629142761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-translation","display_name":"Language translation","score":0.4126071333885193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06635618209838867}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780900699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28244","display_name":"Amharic","level":2,"score":0.992804765701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.9179542064666748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8522428274154663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7682042717933655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.7349398136138916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5872243642807007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5277096629142761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986862884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7553","display_name":"Language translation","level":3,"score":0.4126071333885193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06635618209838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ict4da59526.2023.10302253","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ict4da59526.2023.10302253","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for Development for Africa (ICT4DA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484213084","https://openalex.org/W1902237438","https://openalex.org/W2291187241","https://openalex.org/W2494533246","https://openalex.org/W2592198784","https://openalex.org/W2925869122","https://openalex.org/W2942683110","https://openalex.org/W2967580844","https://openalex.org/W2975350352","https://openalex.org/W3005724337","https://openalex.org/W3011337801","https://openalex.org/W4226052773","https://openalex.org/W6696543120","https://openalex.org/W6734363338","https://openalex.org/W6768134672","https://openalex.org/W6775509480"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388406436","https://openalex.org/W4311414822","https://openalex.org/W3175595715","https://openalex.org/W2998285919","https://openalex.org/W4317794984","https://openalex.org/W3176018525","https://openalex.org/W2903533908","https://openalex.org/W2903810591","https://openalex.org/W3026554633","https://openalex.org/W2888520903"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Natural":[0],"Language":[1],"Processing":[2],"(NLP)":[3],"is":[4,27,65,100,167],"a":[5,45,58,145,168],"specialized":[6],"field":[7],"of":[8,25,61,87,148,164,171],"AI":[9],"that":[10],"focuses":[11],"on":[12],"the":[13,84,162],"interaction":[14],"between":[15,96,136],"humans":[16],"and":[17,71,80,98,124,138,154,174],"computers":[18],"in":[19,63,67,90,133],"language":[20,51,88],"usage.":[21],"One":[22],"practical":[23],"application":[24],"NLP":[26],"machine":[28,46,93],"translation,":[29],"which":[30],"allows":[31],"for":[32,49,102,130,150,156,180],"automated":[33],"translation":[34,47,94,135],"without":[35],"human":[36],"intervention.":[37],"In":[38,105],"this":[39,106,172],"study,":[40,107,173],"we":[41,108],"aimed":[42],"to":[43,152,158],"develop":[44],"model":[48,132,143],"Amharic-Khimtagne":[50],"pairs":[52],"using":[53,126],"deep":[54,112],"learning":[55,113],"approaches.":[56],"Currently,":[57],"vast":[59],"amount":[60],"information":[62],"Ethiopia":[64],"available":[66],"Amharic,":[68],"including":[69,116],"rules":[70],"regulations,":[72],"mass":[73],"media":[74],"news,":[75],"religious":[76],"books,":[77],"educational":[78],"materials,":[79],"official":[81],"documents.":[82],"With":[83],"growing":[85],"number":[86],"users":[89],"Khimtagne,":[91],"developing":[92],"systems":[95],"Khimtagne":[97,153,157],"Amharic":[99,137,151,159],"crucial":[101],"sharing":[103],"information.":[104],"experimented":[109],"with":[110,119,122],"four":[111],"encoder-decoder":[114],"models,":[115],"LSTM,":[117],"LSTM":[118],"attention,":[120,123],"CNN":[121],"Transformer,":[125],"17,153":[127],"parallel":[128,176],"sentences":[129],"each":[131],"bi-directional":[134],"Khimtagne.":[139],"Our":[140],"proposed":[141],"Transformer":[142],"achieved":[144],"BLEU":[146],"score":[147],"4.52":[149],"4.19":[155],"translation.":[160],"However,":[161],"lack":[163],"sufficient":[165],"data":[166],"major":[169],"weakness":[170],"additional":[175],"corpora":[177],"are":[178],"necessary":[179],"further":[181],"research.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}