{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388406063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ict4da59526.2023.10302183","title":"Towards Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Pneumonia and Tuberculosis Classification from Chest X-Ray","display_name":"Towards Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Pneumonia and Tuberculosis Classification from Chest X-Ray","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388406063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ict4da59526.2023.10302183"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ict4da59526.2023.10302183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ict4da59526.2023.10302183","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for Development for Africa (ICT4DA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035963835","display_name":"Getamesay Haile","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4580-3133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139255","display_name":"Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes","ror":"https://ror.org/03s9x8b85","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139255"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Getamesay Haile Dagnaw","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Digital Engineering and Artificial Intelligence, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes,Fes,Morocco","School of Digital Engineering and Artificial Intelligence, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes, Fes, Morocco"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Digital Engineering and Artificial Intelligence, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes,Fes,Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139255"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Digital Engineering and Artificial Intelligence, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes, Fes, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139255"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111069575","display_name":"Meryam El Mouthadi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139255","display_name":"Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes","ror":"https://ror.org/03s9x8b85","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139255"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meryam El Mouthadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Digital Engineering and Artificial Intelligence, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes,Fes,Morocco","School of Digital Engineering and Artificial Intelligence, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes, Fes, Morocco"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Digital Engineering and Artificial Intelligence, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes,Fes,Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139255"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Digital Engineering and Artificial Intelligence, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes, Fes, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139255"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035963835"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139255"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.029,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87201608,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"55","last_page":"60"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9789000153541565,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7303922176361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7295237183570862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6899575591087341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-histogram-equalization","display_name":"Adaptive histogram equalization","score":0.6549563407897949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.5327892899513245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visibility","display_name":"Visibility","score":0.5251766443252563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5159345269203186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.48860055208206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.4106367230415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.40644732117652893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-equalization","display_name":"Histogram equalization","score":0.3764084577560425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.338778555393219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.20464348793029785}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7303922176361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7295237183570862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6899575591087341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30387639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680744","display_name":"Adaptive histogram equalization","level":5,"score":0.6549563407897949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.5327892899513245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.5251766443252563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5159345269203186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.48860055208206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.4106367230415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.40644732117652893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136943445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1970240","display_name":"Histogram equalization","level":4,"score":0.3764084577560425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.338778555393219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.20464348793029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ict4da59526.2023.10302183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ict4da59526.2023.10302183","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for Development for Africa (ICT4DA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2330987263","https://openalex.org/W2510597476","https://openalex.org/W2982612985","https://openalex.org/W3035253074","https://openalex.org/W3045801508","https://openalex.org/W3080889613","https://openalex.org/W3183198896","https://openalex.org/W3201541319","https://openalex.org/W3208413984","https://openalex.org/W4224305663","https://openalex.org/W4225551243","https://openalex.org/W4281257637","https://openalex.org/W4296336207","https://openalex.org/W4300817322","https://openalex.org/W4300961627","https://openalex.org/W4307658558","https://openalex.org/W4313484972","https://openalex.org/W4313648826"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057981026","https://openalex.org/W2256021896","https://openalex.org/W2122866860","https://openalex.org/W2165297163","https://openalex.org/W2398368608","https://openalex.org/W1583737874","https://openalex.org/W2024449420","https://openalex.org/W1994424557","https://openalex.org/W3084145657","https://openalex.org/W4309786676"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,63,123,158],"scientific":[1],"community":[2],"has":[3,126],"shown":[4],"significant":[5],"interest":[6],"in":[7,155,169],"the":[8,15,27,31,79,98,110,117,152],"application":[9],"of":[10,17,30,33,66,81,130,138],"deep":[11,162],"learning":[12,163],"models":[13],"for":[14],"classification":[16,39,59,128],"tuberculosis":[18],"and":[19,50,61,88,106,146,164,173],"pneumonia":[20],"from":[21],"Chest":[22],"X-ray":[23],"(CXR)":[24],"images.":[25],"However,":[26],"primary":[28],"emphasis":[29],"majority":[32],"research":[34,68],"lies":[35],"only":[36],"on":[37,151],"enhancing":[38],"accuracy.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42,67],"paper,":[43],"we":[44],"propose":[45],"Explainable":[46],"Artificial":[47],"Intelligence":[48],"(XAI)":[49],"a":[51,85,92,120,127,136,140,143,147],"lightweight":[52,86],"convolutional":[53],"neural":[54],"network":[55],"(CNN)":[56],"to":[57,77,114],"enhance":[58,167],"accuracy":[60,129],"explainability.":[62],"main":[64],"contributions":[65],"are":[69],"applying":[70],"Contrast":[71],"Limited":[72],"Adaptive":[73],"Histogram":[74],"Equalization":[75],"(CLAHE)":[76],"increase":[78],"visibility":[80],"CXR":[82],"images,":[83],"proposing":[84],"CNN,":[87],"evaluating":[89],"it":[90],"with":[91,101],"visual-based":[93],"XAI":[94,112,165],"model.":[95],"We":[96,108],"compare":[97],"proposed":[99,124],"CNN":[100,125],"VGG16,":[102],"Densnet201,":[103],"EfficientNEtB0,":[104],"InceptionV3,":[105],"MobileNetV2.":[107],"use":[109],"score-CAM":[111],"model":[113,118],"visualize":[115],"why":[116],"makes":[119],"certain":[121],"decision.":[122],"97.5":[131],"<sup":[132],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[133],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">%</sup>":[134],",":[135],"precision":[137],"97.4%,":[139],"97.4%":[141,148],"sensitivity,":[142],"98.6%":[144],"specificity,":[145],"F1":[149],"score":[150],"testing":[153],"set":[154],"multi-class":[156],"classification.":[157,174],"findings":[159],"indicate":[160],"that":[161],"can":[166],"trust":[168],"automatic":[170],"disease":[171],"detection":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-17T18:11:37.981687","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
