{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2883527974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ict.2018.8464908","title":"A Reduced-Complexity Linear Precoding Strategy for Massive MIMO Base Stations","display_name":"A Reduced-Complexity Linear Precoding Strategy for Massive MIMO Base Stations","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2883527974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ict.2018.8464908","mag":"2883527974"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ict.2018.8464908","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ict.2018.8464908","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 25th International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://research.tue.nl/en/publications/21448525-ad52-4636-aeaa-d723617414f5","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108279202","display_name":"Amirashkan Farsaei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amirashkan Farsaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039843593","display_name":"F.M.J. Willems","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7316-3471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frans Willems","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060148074","display_name":"Alex Alvarado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2172-3051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Alvarado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071577990","display_name":"Ulf Gustavsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8666-462X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306339040","display_name":"Ericsson (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05a7rhx54","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ulf Gustavsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ericsson Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ericsson Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7791,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63390961,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"121","last_page":"126"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.9276459813117981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.750699520111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6627079844474792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6071246266365051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-forcing-precoding","display_name":"Zero-forcing precoding","score":0.5850661993026733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3g-mimo","display_name":"3G MIMO","score":0.4144720137119293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3440488576889038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.32848864793777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18905597925186157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.1050804853439331}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.9276459813117981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.750699520111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6627079844474792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6071246266365051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155437304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8069444","display_name":"Zero-forcing precoding","level":5,"score":0.5850661993026733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165650700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636347","display_name":"3G MIMO","level":4,"score":0.4144720137119293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3440488576889038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.32848864793777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18905597925186157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.1050804853439331}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ict.2018.8464908","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ict.2018.8464908","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 25th International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.tue.nl:openaire/21448525-ad52-4636-aeaa-d723617414f5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/en/publications/21448525-ad52-4636-aeaa-d723617414f5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922641","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Farsaei, A, Willems, F, Alvarado, A & Gustavsson, U 2018, A reduced-complexity linear precoding strategy for massive MIMO base stations. in 2018 25th International Conference on Telecommunications, ICT 2018., 8464908, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, pp. 121-126, 25th International Conference on Telecommunications, ICT 2018, Saint Malo, France, 26/06/18. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT.2018.8464908","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.tue.nl:publications/21448525-ad52-4636-aeaa-d723617414f5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85054526703&partnerID=8YFLogxK","pdf_url":"https://research.tue.nl/files/100590540/Farsaei_ICT2018.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922641","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Farsaei, A, Willems, F, Alvarado, A & Gustavsson, U 2018, A reduced-complexity linear precoding strategy for massive MIMO base stations. in 2018 25th International Conference on Telecommunications, ICT 2018., 8464908, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, pp. 121-126, 25th International Conference on Telecommunications, ICT 2018, Saint Malo, France, 26/06/18. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT.2018.8464908","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:900713","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://library.tue.nl/csp/dare/LinkToRepository.csp?recordnumber=900713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922641","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:library.tue.nl:900713","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.tue.nl/900713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922641","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:tue:oai:pure.tue.nl:publications/21448525-ad52-4636-aeaa-d723617414f5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/nl/publications/21448525-ad52-4636-aeaa-d723617414f5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2018 25th International Conference on Telecommunications, ICT 2018, 121 - 126","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencepaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.tue.nl:openaire/21448525-ad52-4636-aeaa-d723617414f5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/en/publications/21448525-ad52-4636-aeaa-d723617414f5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922641","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Farsaei, A, Willems, F, Alvarado, A & Gustavsson, U 2018, A reduced-complexity linear precoding strategy for massive MIMO base stations. in 2018 25th International Conference on Telecommunications, ICT 2018., 8464908, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, pp. 121-126, 25th International Conference on Telecommunications, ICT 2018, Saint Malo, France, 26/06/18. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT.2018.8464908","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504301254","https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W2114945762","https://openalex.org/W2137525880","https://openalex.org/W2146761479","https://openalex.org/W2165350939","https://openalex.org/W2171066806","https://openalex.org/W2735009901","https://openalex.org/W2949977345","https://openalex.org/W6680021679"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111825998","https://openalex.org/W2326544815","https://openalex.org/W1973158664","https://openalex.org/W1731022149","https://openalex.org/W1996933839","https://openalex.org/W2000226056","https://openalex.org/W4386858283","https://openalex.org/W1979957996","https://openalex.org/W2489379490","https://openalex.org/W2561058892"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conjugate":[0],"beamforming":[1],"(CB)":[2],"and":[3,28,40,87,141,165],"zero-forcing":[4],"(ZF)":[5],"are":[6,59],"well-known":[7],"linear":[8,19],"precoders,":[9],"which":[10,44,124],"have":[11],"optimized":[12],"hardware":[13],"implementations.":[14],"In":[15,167],"this":[16,55,84,128],"work,":[17],"a":[18,51,77,100,135,146,151],"precoder":[20,171],"is":[21,37,103,114],"proposed":[22,35,104,131,170],"based":[23,115],"on":[24,116,159],"switching":[25,112],"between":[26],"CB":[27,86,140,164],"ZF":[29,91,122,181],"for":[30,50,61,88,120,145],"line-of-sight":[31],"propagation":[32],"environments.":[33],"The":[34,111,130],"idea":[36],"to":[38,105,107,156,163,176,179],"predict":[39],"use":[41],"the":[42,47,62,69,94,108,121,160,169,180],"precoder,":[43],"results":[45,144],"in":[46,93,127],"highest":[48,95],"sum-rate":[49,136,161],"given":[52],"channel.":[53],"To":[54],"end,":[56],"three":[57],"regimes":[58],"introduced":[60,126],"ratio":[63],"of":[64,83],"power":[65,75],"per":[66],"user":[67,78],"at":[68,76],"base":[70],"station":[71],"(BS)":[72],"over":[73],"noise":[74],"receiver.":[79],"For":[80,97],"low":[81],"values":[82],"ratio,":[85],"high":[89],"values,":[90,99],"result":[92],"sum-rate.":[96],"moderate":[98],"precoding":[101,132],"strategy":[102,133],"switch":[106],"best":[109],"precoder.":[110],"mechanism":[113],"an":[117],"upper":[118],"bound":[119],"sum-rate,":[123],"we":[125],"work.":[129],"achieves":[134],"higher":[137],"than":[138],"both":[139],"ZF.":[142,166],"Simulation":[143],"massive":[147],"MIMO":[148],"system":[149],"including":[150],"100-antenna":[152],"BS,":[153],"show":[154],"up":[155,175],"8%":[157],"improvement":[158],"compared":[162,178],"addition,":[168],"reduces":[172],"computational":[173],"complexity":[174],"16.5%":[177],"precoding.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}