{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2310109484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ict.2016.7500410","title":"A multi-level approach to resilience of critical infrastructures and services","display_name":"A multi-level approach to resilience of critical infrastructures and services","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2310109484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ict.2016.7500410","mag":"2310109484"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ict.2016.7500410","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ict.2016.7500410","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 23rd International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000804944","display_name":"Antonios Gouglidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4702-3942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonios Gouglidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["InfoLab21, Lancaster University, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InfoLab21, Lancaster University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017922230","display_name":"Syed Noorulhassan Shirazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5404-3706"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Noorulhassan Shirazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["InfoLab21, Lancaster University, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InfoLab21, Lancaster University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003492252","display_name":"Steven Simpson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1786-8004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven Simpson","raw_affiliation_strings":["InfoLab21, Lancaster University, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InfoLab21, Lancaster University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102973502","display_name":"Paul Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8990-6751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132118926","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Safety and Security Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Safety and Security Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030962937","display_name":"David Hutchison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6052-0559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Hutchison","raw_affiliation_strings":["InfoLab21, Lancaster University, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InfoLab21, Lancaster University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.774571418762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-infrastructure","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","score":0.7601644992828369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7191677689552307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viewpoints","display_name":"Viewpoints","score":0.6336538195610046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5878012180328369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5194932222366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4865676462650299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.4516032934188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4330877661705017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.13620516657829285}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.774571418762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29852176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373338","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.7601644992828369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7191677689552307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7928819","display_name":"Viewpoints","level":2,"score":0.6336538195610046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5878012180328369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5194932222366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4865676462650299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4516032934188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4330877661705017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.13620516657829285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ict.2016.7500410","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ict.2016.7500410","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 23rd International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:78717","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/78717/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Contribution to Conference"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G568585927","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/L026015/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W107063035","https://openalex.org/W1480210583","https://openalex.org/W1609312605","https://openalex.org/W1636725296","https://openalex.org/W1641762327","https://openalex.org/W1980156780","https://openalex.org/W1980418810","https://openalex.org/W1997760816","https://openalex.org/W2018270682","https://openalex.org/W2023417725","https://openalex.org/W2052230418","https://openalex.org/W2104691641","https://openalex.org/W2113252658","https://openalex.org/W2122646361","https://openalex.org/W2123967542","https://openalex.org/W2132539529","https://openalex.org/W2141842212","https://openalex.org/W2145324872","https://openalex.org/W2150142104","https://openalex.org/W4245341483","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6636174212","https://openalex.org/W6636615889","https://openalex.org/W6637110787","https://openalex.org/W6677031525"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2385368906","https://openalex.org/W2902924992","https://openalex.org/W2626642044","https://openalex.org/W2619807045","https://openalex.org/W2388758053","https://openalex.org/W93537448","https://openalex.org/W2493741781","https://openalex.org/W4286492231","https://openalex.org/W2715935450","https://openalex.org/W4362684337"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Attacks":[0],"on":[1],"critical":[2,60,72],"infrastructures":[3,73],"are":[4,13,21],"beginning":[5],"to":[6,27,32,52],"increase":[7],"in":[8,71],"number":[9],"and":[10,48,55,74,81,101,127],"severity.":[11],"They":[12],"often":[14],"initiated":[15],"by":[16,91,115],"highly":[17],"skilled":[18],"attackers,":[19],"who":[20],"capable":[22],"of":[23,89,99,106,112],"deploying":[24],"advanced":[25],"attacks":[26,47],"exfiltrate":[28],"data":[29],"or":[30],"even":[31],"cause":[33],"physical":[34],"damage.":[35],"In":[36],"this":[37],"paper,":[38],"we":[39,63,108,122],"re-visit":[40],"the":[41,96,129],"rationale":[42],"for":[43,68],"protecting":[44],"against":[45],"cyber":[46],"propose":[49],"a":[50,65,104,110,117,124],"framework":[51,86],"monitor,":[53],"detect":[54],"evaluate":[56,128],"anomalous":[57],"behaviour":[58],"within":[59],"infrastructures.":[61],"Specifically,":[62],"describe":[64],"multi-level":[66],"approach":[67],"assuring":[69],"resilience":[70],"services,":[75],"taking":[76],"into":[77],"account":[78],"organisational,":[79],"technological":[80],"individuals'":[82],"(OTI)":[83],"viewpoints.":[84],"The":[85],"supports":[87],"detection":[88,125],"anomalies":[90],"using":[92],"appropriate":[93],"techniques":[94],"at":[95],"different":[97],"levels":[98],"infrastructure":[100],"service.":[102],"As":[103],"proof":[105],"concept,":[107],"derive":[109],"set":[111],"suitable":[113],"metrics":[114],"monitoring":[116],"European":[118],"utility":[119],"network,":[120],"then":[121],"simulate":[123],"process":[126],"results.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
