{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409495398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icstw64639.2025.10962531","title":"Exploring Robustness of Image Recognition Models on Hardware Accelerators","display_name":"Exploring Robustness of Image Recognition Models on Hardware Accelerators","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409495398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icstw64639.2025.10962531"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icstw64639.2025.10962531","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icstw64639.2025.10962531","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation Workshops (ICSTW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/354263/1/354263.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004785708","display_name":"Nikolaos Louloudakis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolaos Louloudakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007147285","display_name":"Perry Gibson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3370-0698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Perry Gibson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008501980","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Cano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2243-389X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Cano","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079075574","display_name":"Ajitha Rajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3765-3075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ajitha Rajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04834987,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"368","last_page":"374"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9350000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9350000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7870551347732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7035989761352539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-acceleration","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","score":0.5162467956542969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4444437325000763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.39827707409858704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.34392768144607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.3266025483608246}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7870551347732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7035989761352539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13164978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600158","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","level":3,"score":0.5162467956542969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4444437325000763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.39827707409858704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.34392768144607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.3266025483608246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icstw64639.2025.10962531","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icstw64639.2025.10962531","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation Workshops (ICSTW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:354263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/48307.html>","pdf_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/354263/1/354263.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Proceedings"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/72383007-8df1-4003-b765-06feea67dde9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/72383007-8df1-4003-b765-06feea67dde9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:354263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/48307.html>","pdf_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/354263/1/354263.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Proceedings"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320006","display_name":"Royal Society","ror":"https://ror.org/03wnrjx87"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409495398.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409495398.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2049450123","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2302255633","https://openalex.org/W2799640043","https://openalex.org/W2804032941","https://openalex.org/W2888307014","https://openalex.org/W2954903132","https://openalex.org/W2963122961","https://openalex.org/W2963125010","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2982138961","https://openalex.org/W2998169068","https://openalex.org/W3000442532","https://openalex.org/W3090643686","https://openalex.org/W3104663419","https://openalex.org/W3178469298","https://openalex.org/W4221144766","https://openalex.org/W4239181501","https://openalex.org/W4313442384","https://openalex.org/W4317382416","https://openalex.org/W4378465442","https://openalex.org/W4389544329","https://openalex.org/W6774508117","https://openalex.org/W6797854001","https://openalex.org/W6871272654","https://openalex.org/W6989462198"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111241003","https://openalex.org/W2355315220","https://openalex.org/W4200391368","https://openalex.org/W2210979487","https://openalex.org/W2316202402","https://openalex.org/W2074043759","https://openalex.org/W2082487009","https://openalex.org/W2518118925","https://openalex.org/W3159273459","https://openalex.org/W3152699334"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,49,78,93,116,183],"usage":[2],"of":[3,15,25,33,51,68,80,95,132,146,156],"Artificial":[4],"Intelligence":[5],"(AI)":[6],"on":[7,86,115,140],"resource-intensive":[8],"and":[9,46,71,149,179],"safety-critical":[10],"tasks":[11],"increases,":[12],"a":[13,31,63,196],"variety":[14,32],"Machine":[16],"Learning":[17],"(ML)":[18],"compilers":[19,53],"have":[20],"been":[21],"developed,":[22],"enabling":[23],"compatibility":[24],"Deep":[26],"Neural":[27],"Networks":[28],"(DNNs)":[29],"with":[30,89],"hardware":[34,87,143],"acceleration":[35,144],"devices.":[36,167,200],"However,":[37],"given":[38],"that":[39,65,151,171],"DNNs":[40],"are":[41],"widely":[42],"utilized":[43],"for":[44],"challenging":[45],"demanding":[47],"tasks,":[48],"behavior":[50],"these":[52],"must":[54],"be":[55],"verified.":[56],"To":[57],"this":[58],"direction,":[59],"we":[60],"propose":[61],"MutateNN,":[62],"tool":[64],"utilizes":[66],"elements":[67],"both":[69],"differential":[70],"mutation":[72,122],"testing":[73,123],"in":[74,92,97,109,160,195],"order":[75],"to":[76,124,158,163,174,188,192],"examine":[77],"robustness":[79],"image":[81,117],"recognition":[82,118],"models":[83,153],"when":[84],"deployed":[85,137],"accelerators":[88],"different":[90,134,142],"capabilities,":[91],"presence":[94],"faults":[96],"their":[98,110],"target":[99],"device":[100],"code":[101],"-":[102],"introduced":[103],"either":[104],"by":[105,120],"developers,":[106],"or":[107,190],"problems":[108],"compilation":[111],"process.":[112],"We":[113,136,168],"focus":[114],"domain":[119],"applying":[121],"7":[125],"well-established":[126],"DNN":[127,152],"models,":[128],"introducing":[129],"21":[130],"mutations":[131,172],"6":[133],"categories.":[135],"our":[138],"mutants":[139,161],"4":[141],"devices":[145],"varying":[147],"capabilities":[148],"observed":[150,170],"presented":[154],"discrepancies":[155],"up":[157],"90.3%":[159],"related":[162,173],"conditional":[164],"operators":[165],"across":[166,199],"also":[169],"layer":[175],"modification,":[176],"arithmetic":[177],"types":[178],"input":[180],"affected":[181],"severely":[182],"overall":[184],"model":[185,193],"performance":[186],"(up":[187],"99.8%)":[189],"led":[191],"crashes,":[194],"consistent":[197],"manner":[198]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}