{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1596287542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icstw.2015.7107451","title":"Kernel Density Adaptive Random Testing","display_name":"Kernel Density Adaptive Random Testing","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1596287542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icstw.2015.7107451","mag":"1596287542"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icstw.2015.7107451","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icstw.2015.7107451","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE Eighth International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation Workshops (ICSTW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054852821","display_name":"Matthew T. Patrick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6174-9002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Patrick","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge","University of Cambridge,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100725712","display_name":"Yue Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8013-4540"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800173700","display_name":"UCL Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/024atcf19","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800173700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102982","display_name":"Centre for Research in Engineering Surface Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018q3fa22","country_code":"IE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102982"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["AU","GB","IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["CREST, University College, London","CREST, University College London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CREST, University College, London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800173700","https://openalex.org/I4210102982","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CREST, University College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4745,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52794457,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.7120972871780396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversification","display_name":"Diversification (marketing strategy)","score":0.6393851637840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-density-estimation","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","score":0.5970229506492615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutant","display_name":"Mutant","score":0.5643488764762878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5401114821434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-testing","display_name":"Random testing","score":0.5355721712112427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.39977023005485535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3953142762184143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3436518609523773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.32987916469573975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-case","display_name":"Test case","score":0.3067835569381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.2391771376132965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.13646379113197327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.11720839142799377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.09826037287712097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.06894868612289429}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.7120972871780396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180916674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3711935","display_name":"Diversification (marketing strategy)","level":2,"score":0.6393851637840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71134354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458825","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","level":3,"score":0.5970229506492615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143065580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3285695","display_name":"Mutant","level":3,"score":0.5643488764762878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5401114821434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17146789","display_name":"Random testing","level":4,"score":0.5355721712112427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39977023005485535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3953142762184143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3436518609523773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.32987916469573975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.3067835569381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2391771376132965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.13646379113197327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.11720839142799377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.09826037287712097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.06894868612289429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icstw.2015.7107451","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icstw.2015.7107451","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE Eighth International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation Workshops (ICSTW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:1491402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1491402/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"In: Proceedings of IEEE Eighth International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation Workshops (ICSTW). IEEE: Graz, Austria. (2015)","raw_type":"Proceedings paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6794522244","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/J017515/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501076421","https://openalex.org/W1522942524","https://openalex.org/W1566965859","https://openalex.org/W1967111355","https://openalex.org/W1971137495","https://openalex.org/W1999109718","https://openalex.org/W2009489720","https://openalex.org/W2010080688","https://openalex.org/W2012210872","https://openalex.org/W2012529972","https://openalex.org/W2013711971","https://openalex.org/W2014268383","https://openalex.org/W2025192837","https://openalex.org/W2029664558","https://openalex.org/W2034112596","https://openalex.org/W2037181610","https://openalex.org/W2045002843","https://openalex.org/W2061781275","https://openalex.org/W2071112258","https://openalex.org/W2077258409","https://openalex.org/W2084598280","https://openalex.org/W2085768358","https://openalex.org/W2096449544","https://openalex.org/W2098639318","https://openalex.org/W2107729695","https://openalex.org/W2114733864","https://openalex.org/W2115515387","https://openalex.org/W2116622216","https://openalex.org/W2118020555","https://openalex.org/W2118425062","https://openalex.org/W2120552859","https://openalex.org/W2121084350","https://openalex.org/W2130274814","https://openalex.org/W2135841285","https://openalex.org/W2148646465","https://openalex.org/W2149175261","https://openalex.org/W2151635819","https://openalex.org/W2153411587","https://openalex.org/W2153649445","https://openalex.org/W2160980126","https://openalex.org/W2167505893","https://openalex.org/W2432517183","https://openalex.org/W3097169496","https://openalex.org/W3144195179","https://openalex.org/W4234542549","https://openalex.org/W4237492309","https://openalex.org/W4238681179","https://openalex.org/W6629890555","https://openalex.org/W6653348660","https://openalex.org/W6678123727","https://openalex.org/W6819811686"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2147116815","https://openalex.org/W2527390967","https://openalex.org/W2102816555","https://openalex.org/W3155744979","https://openalex.org/W2405583496","https://openalex.org/W2547155723","https://openalex.org/W4295918990","https://openalex.org/W2240631859","https://openalex.org/W2079626666","https://openalex.org/W2024254950"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mutation":[0],"analysis":[1],"is":[2,20,118,141],"used":[3],"to":[4,27,63,67,98,110],"assess":[5],"the":[6,31,44,48,75,86,100,155],"effectiveness":[7],"of":[8,40,46,50,72,104,154],"a":[9,18,37],"test":[10,33,41,58],"data":[11],"generation":[12],"technique":[13,149],"at":[14,122],"finding":[15,123],"faults.":[16],"Once":[17],"mutant":[19],"killed,":[21],"decisions":[22],"must":[23],"be":[24,68,81],"made":[25],"whether":[26],"diversify":[28],"or":[29],"intensify":[30],"subsequent":[32],"inputs.":[34],"Diversification":[35],"employs":[36],"wide":[38],"range":[39],"inputs":[42,59],"with":[43],"aim":[45],"increasing":[47],"chances":[49],"killing":[51],"new":[52,148],"mutants.":[53,112],"By":[54],"contrast,":[55],"intensification":[56,91,117],"selects":[57],"which":[60,78,107],"are":[61,108],"similar":[62],"those":[64],"previously":[65],"shown":[66],"successful,":[69],"taking":[70],"advantage":[71],"overlaps":[73],"in":[74],"conditions":[76],"under":[77],"mutants":[79],"can":[80],"killed.":[82],"This":[83],"paper":[84],"explores":[85],"trade-off":[87],"between":[88],"diversification":[89],"and":[90],"by":[92],"augmenting":[93],"Adaptive":[94],"Random":[95],"Testing":[96],"(ART)":[97],"estimate":[99],"Kernel":[101],"Density":[102],"(KD-ART)":[103],"input":[105],"values":[106],"found":[109],"kill":[111],"The":[113,147],"results":[114],"suggest":[115],"that":[116],"typically":[119],"more":[120],"effective":[121],"faults":[124],"than":[125,136,145],"diversification.":[126],"KD-ART":[127,137,140],"(intensify)":[128],"achieves":[129],"7.24%":[130],"higher":[131],"mutation":[132],"score":[133],"on":[134],"average":[135,152],"(diversify).":[138],"Moreover,":[139],"computationally":[142],"less":[143],"expensive":[144],"ART.":[146],"requires":[150],"an":[151],"5.98%":[153],"time":[156],"taken":[157],"before.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
