{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7168554548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icst69053.2026.00075","title":"Do Language Models Prefer Vulnerable Code? A Probabilistic Study of Insecure Code Preference","display_name":"Do Language Models Prefer Vulnerable Code? A Probabilistic Study of Insecure Code Preference","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7168554548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icst69053.2026.00075"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icst69053.2026.00075","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icst69053.2026.00075","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141022877","display_name":"Rui Melo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Melo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University,Pittsburgh,PA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University,Pittsburgh,PA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141018611","display_name":"Sofia Reis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sofia Reis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Porto,Faculty of Engineering,Porto,Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Porto,Faculty of Engineering,Porto,Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137344392","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 Catarino","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andre Catarino","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Porto,Faculty of Engineering,Porto,Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Porto,Faculty of Engineering,Porto,Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030785658","display_name":"Rui Abreu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3734-3157"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Abreu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Porto,Faculty of Engineering,Porto,Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Porto,Faculty of Engineering,Porto,Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"519","last_page":"530"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":null,"topics":[],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5983999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preference","display_name":"Preference","score":0.5418999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.47290000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-model","display_name":"Statistical model","score":0.329800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.29989999532699585}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5983999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.5418999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5353000164031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.47290000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37470000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.36550000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.329800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.31369999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.2971999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2614000141620636}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icst69053.2026.00075","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icst69053.2026.00075","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T05:58:32.477365","created_date":"2026-07-17T00:00:00"}
