{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7135087159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsrs68021.2025.11422167","title":"No safe AI standardization in sight at present: an investigation into ISO/IEC TR 5469","display_name":"No safe AI standardization in sight at present: an investigation into ISO/IEC TR 5469","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7135087159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsrs68021.2025.11422167"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsrs68021.2025.11422167","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsrs68021.2025.11422167","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 9th International Conference on System Reliability and Safety (ICSRS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107711710","display_name":"Mark Locherer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I254181534","display_name":"ZF Friedrichshafen (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/021wbbm64","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I254181534"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097841","display_name":"Ravensburg University of Cooperative Education","ror":"https://ror.org/014cnmj57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097841"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Locherer","raw_affiliation_strings":["DHBW Ravensburg,Friedrichshafen,Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2236-592X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DHBW Ravensburg,Friedrichshafen,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097841","https://openalex.org/I254181534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016486334","display_name":"Michael Kordovan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134975","display_name":"Ifm electronic (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/0473srk52","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134975"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Kordovan","raw_affiliation_strings":["ifm electronic gmbh, Tettnang, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0706-4897","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ifm electronic gmbh, Tettnang, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035028307","display_name":"Bernd Buxbaum","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134975","display_name":"Ifm electronic (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/0473srk52","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134975"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernd Buxbaum","raw_affiliation_strings":["ifm electronic gmbh,Tettnang,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ifm electronic gmbh,Tettnang,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134975"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076478479","display_name":"Thorsten Kever","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097841","display_name":"Ravensburg University of Cooperative Education","ror":"https://ror.org/014cnmj57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097841"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thorsten Kever","raw_affiliation_strings":["DHBW Ravensburg, Friedrichshafen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DHBW Ravensburg, Friedrichshafen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097841"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65924173,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"87","last_page":"94"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.4348999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.4348999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.32440000772476196,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.06930000334978104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6186000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iec-61508","display_name":"IEC 61508","score":0.5925999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certification","display_name":"Certification","score":0.5824999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-safety","display_name":"Functional safety","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4510999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sight","display_name":"Sight","score":0.44200000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6186000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138267214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060017","display_name":"IEC 61508","level":3,"score":0.5925999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46304622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374814","display_name":"Certification","level":2,"score":0.5824999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148493468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2646951","display_name":"Functional safety","level":2,"score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5622000098228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4510999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1517167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134322","display_name":"Sight","level":2,"score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143587482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1543216","display_name":"Iterative and incremental development","level":2,"score":0.37959998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.36719998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3555000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.34049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3296000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132835097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7663745","display_name":"System safety","level":2,"score":0.3276999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3206000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.310699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985428793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334738","display_name":"International standardization","level":3,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780234205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2281276","display_name":"Safety case","level":2,"score":0.2865000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776179734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7398668","display_name":"Safety standards","level":2,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776588390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334738","display_name":"International standard","level":2,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94279714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6496962","display_name":"Safety engineering","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsrs68021.2025.11422167","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsrs68021.2025.11422167","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 9th International Conference on System Reliability and Safety (ICSRS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.45879921317100525}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015999522","https://openalex.org/W2041713059","https://openalex.org/W2328067583","https://openalex.org/W2796163371","https://openalex.org/W2888507760","https://openalex.org/W2912778979","https://openalex.org/W2948013358","https://openalex.org/W2987375645","https://openalex.org/W3082897186","https://openalex.org/W3199060690","https://openalex.org/W4220657299","https://openalex.org/W4230807336","https://openalex.org/W4248869838","https://openalex.org/W4362671719","https://openalex.org/W4387527822","https://openalex.org/W4389671739","https://openalex.org/W4402339804","https://openalex.org/W4403935496","https://openalex.org/W7125645032"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"safety":[1,56,64,113,138],"standardization,":[2],"as":[3,44,59,126],"given":[4],"by":[5,129],"IEC":[6],"61508":[7],"and":[8,23,47,53,109,136],"ISO":[9],"26262,":[10],"is":[11,27,34,70,90,103,166],"based":[12],"on":[13,51,156],"the":[14,24,38,106,148,163],"V-model":[15,108],"paradigm.":[16],"It":[17],"ensures,":[18],"that":[19,162,178],"requirements":[20],"are":[21,54,61],"fulfilled":[22],"resulting":[25],"system":[26],"ready":[28],"for":[29,112,154],"its":[30],"dedicated":[31],"use.":[32],"This":[33,88],"particularly":[35],"important":[36],"in":[37,63,121],"certification":[39],"process.":[40],"Autonomous":[41],"systems,":[42,58],"such":[43,125],"mobile":[45],"robots":[46],"self-driving":[48],"cars,":[49],"rely":[50],"AI":[52,135,153],"considered":[55],"critical":[57],"they":[60],"used":[62],"relevant":[65],"contexts.":[66],"The":[67,78],"key":[68],"question":[69,165],"how":[71],"to":[72,105,175],"develop":[73],"an":[74,85,157],"AI-based":[75,82,180],"safety-critical":[76,181],"system.":[77],"development":[79,132],"process":[80,89],"of":[81],"models":[83],"shows":[84],"iterative":[86],"structure.":[87],"repeated":[91],"until":[92],"a":[93,131],"trained":[94],"model":[95],"passes":[96],"all":[97],"prescribed":[98],"tests.":[99],"However,":[100],"this":[101,116,141,170],"approach":[102],"inverse":[104],"standard":[107],"thus,":[110],"incompatible":[111],"engineering.":[114],"In":[115,140],"context,":[117],"standardization":[118],"can":[119],"assist":[120],"making":[122],"emerging":[123],"technologies,":[124],"AI,":[127],"possible,":[128],"defining":[130],"framework,":[133],"demonstrating":[134],"functional":[137],"compliance.":[139],"document":[142],"we":[143],"investigate":[144],"ISO/IEC":[145],"TR":[146],"5469,":[147],"first":[149],"step":[150],"towards":[151],"standardizing":[152],"FuSa":[155],"international":[158],"level.":[159],"We":[160],"discover":[161],"central":[164],"still":[167],"unresolved.":[168],"Hence,":[169],"manuscript":[171],"motivates":[172],"further":[173],"endeavors":[174],"provide":[176],"solutions":[177],"make":[179],"systems":[182],"possible.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-03-13T00:00:00"}