{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7135065652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsrs68021.2025.11422081","title":"Towards Practical Safety Contracts in Industry 4.0: Challenges, Examples, and Enabling Properties","display_name":"Towards Practical Safety Contracts in Industry 4.0: Challenges, Examples, and Enabling Properties","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7135065652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsrs68021.2025.11422081"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsrs68021.2025.11422081","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsrs68021.2025.11422081","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 9th International Conference on System Reliability and Safety (ICSRS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101521977","display_name":"Mateus Molina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8928-1715"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802076133","display_name":"University of Koblenz and Landau","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9f6752","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802076133"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mateus Molina","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kaiserslautern-Landau,Kaiserslautern,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kaiserslautern-Landau,Kaiserslautern,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046","https://openalex.org/I2802076133"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003485964","display_name":"Rasmus Adler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7482-7102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098380","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00r1wdc11","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098380","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rasmus Adler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer IESE,Kaiserslautern,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer IESE,Kaiserslautern,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098380"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002540909","display_name":"Peter Liggesmeyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7839-5497"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098380","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00r1wdc11","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098380","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Liggesmeyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kaiserslautern-Landau,Fraunhofer IESE,Kaiserslautern,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kaiserslautern-Landau,Fraunhofer IESE,Kaiserslautern,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098380"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77312825,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"321","last_page":"330"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.828000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.828000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10809","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety Research","score":0.04800000041723251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3614","display_name":"Radiological and Ultrasound Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.0284000001847744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certification","display_name":"Certification","score":0.4999000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamism","display_name":"Dynamism","score":0.46720001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.45829999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4187000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foundation","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","score":0.3792000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compliance","display_name":"Compliance (psychology)","score":0.349700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-safety","display_name":"System safety","score":0.349700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.3416000008583069}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.7206000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46304622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374814","display_name":"Certification","level":2,"score":0.4999000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775836275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3502310","display_name":"Dynamism","level":2,"score":0.46720001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45829999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4357999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4187000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.3792000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36550000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132835097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7663745","display_name":"System safety","level":2,"score":0.349700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781460075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399332","display_name":"Compliance (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.349700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.3416000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3197999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32896092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Risk management","level":2,"score":0.31290000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.311599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992278090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629029","display_name":"Work safety","level":2,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779913896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7063001","display_name":"Notice","level":2,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112805685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10566551","display_name":"Safety assurance","level":2,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106436119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836575","display_name":"Quality assurance","level":3,"score":0.25999999046325684}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsrs68021.2025.11422081","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsrs68021.2025.11422081","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 9th International Conference on System Reliability and Safety (ICSRS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/515918","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/515918","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5174357295036316,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54183895","https://openalex.org/W1560042744","https://openalex.org/W1990911977","https://openalex.org/W2011035257","https://openalex.org/W2033406822","https://openalex.org/W2062853608","https://openalex.org/W2149008670","https://openalex.org/W2156093990","https://openalex.org/W2161592068","https://openalex.org/W2243104636","https://openalex.org/W2473964804","https://openalex.org/W2567315198","https://openalex.org/W2752336261","https://openalex.org/W2970758603","https://openalex.org/W2970830741","https://openalex.org/W2975389077","https://openalex.org/W3092881550","https://openalex.org/W3093508452","https://openalex.org/W3175225441","https://openalex.org/W3198231499","https://openalex.org/W4205178436","https://openalex.org/W4295123402","https://openalex.org/W4295123427","https://openalex.org/W4312852315","https://openalex.org/W4362647194","https://openalex.org/W4400930095"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Industry":[0],"4.0":[1],"(I4.0)":[2],"envisions":[3],"production":[4],"systems":[5],"with":[6,17,123],"high":[7],"adaptability,":[8],"autonomy,":[9],"and":[10,48,50,74,104,108,115,127],"dynamic":[11],"reconfiguration.":[12],"However,":[13],"this":[14],"dynamism":[15],"conflicts":[16],"established":[18],"safety":[19,39,67],"assurance":[20],"practices,":[21],"which":[22],"rely":[23],"on":[24],"static":[25],"certification":[26],"of":[27,41,66,134,145],"predefined":[28],"system":[29],"configurations.":[30],"Safety":[31],"contracts":[32],"have":[33],"been":[34],"proposed":[35],"to":[36],"manage":[37],"the":[38,132,140,143],"challenges":[40],"I4.0":[42],"use":[43],"cases":[44],"such":[45],"as":[46,77],"Plug":[47],"Produce":[49],"Lot":[51],"Size":[52],"1,":[53],"yet":[54],"they":[55],"may":[56],"leave":[57],"residual":[58,78],"risks":[59,80,82],"arising":[60],"from":[61],"insufficient":[62],"or":[63],"incorrect":[64],"implementation":[65],"functions.":[68],"This":[69,137],"paper":[70],"analyzes":[71],"these":[72],"limitations":[73],"conceptualizes":[75],"them":[76],"integration":[79],"(RIR)\u2014the":[81],"that":[83,117],"persist":[84],"despite":[85],"successful":[86],"contract":[87],"compliance":[88],"checks.":[89],"Through":[90],"three":[91],"motivating":[92],"examples":[93],"involving":[94],"cobots,":[95],"we":[96],"illustrate":[97],"how":[98],"RIR":[99,119,151],"can":[100],"emerge":[101],"in":[102,152],"practice":[103],"discuss":[105],"their":[106],"technical":[107],"regulatory":[109],"implications.":[110],"We":[111],"identify":[112],"key":[113],"properties":[114],"techniques":[116],"support":[118],"management,":[120],"providing":[121],"researchers":[122],"a":[124],"conceptual":[125],"framework":[126],"vocabulary":[128],"for":[129,142,149],"reasoning":[130],"about":[131],"limits":[133],"contract-based":[135],"safety.":[136],"work":[138],"lays":[139],"foundation":[141],"development":[144],"concrete":[146],"mitigation":[147],"strategies":[148],"managing":[150],"industrial":[153],"settings.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2026-03-13T00:00:00"}
