{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389629116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icspis60075.2023.10343835","title":"TAQWA: Teaching Adolescents Quality Wadhu/Ablution Contactlessly using Deep Learning","display_name":"TAQWA: Teaching Adolescents Quality Wadhu/Ablution Contactlessly using Deep Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389629116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icspis60075.2023.10343835"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icspis60075.2023.10343835","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icspis60075.2023.10343835","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 6th International Conference on Signal Processing and Information Security (ICSPIS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/307711/2/307711.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047032621","display_name":"Hira Hameed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4199-4000"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hira Hameed","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering,Glasgow,UK","James Watt School of Engineering, Glasgow, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering,Glasgow,UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111586781","display_name":"Lubna Lubna","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610274","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/00p034093","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lubna Lubna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecommunication Engineering,Dept. UET,Peshawar,Pakistan","Dept. UET, Telecommunication Engineering, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunication Engineering,Dept. UET,Peshawar,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. UET, Telecommunication Engineering, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046141355","display_name":"Nour Ghadban","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nour Ghadban","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering,Glasgow,UK","James Watt School of Engineering, Glasgow, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering,Glasgow,UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083405389","display_name":"Muhammad Usman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195939026","display_name":"Glasgow Caledonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dvm1235","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Usman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Glasgow Caledonian University,Glasgow,UK","Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Glasgow Caledonian University,Glasgow,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070653624","display_name":"Kamran Arshad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4447-8335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182000528","display_name":"Ajman University","ror":"https://ror.org/01j1rma10","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamran Arshad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and IT,Ajman,United Arab Emirates","Faculty of Engineering and IT, Ajman, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and IT,Ajman,United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and IT, Ajman, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001570909","display_name":"Khaled Assaleh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0942-0453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182000528","display_name":"Ajman University","ror":"https://ror.org/01j1rma10","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khaled Assaleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and IT,Ajman,United Arab Emirates","Faculty of Engineering and IT, Ajman, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and IT,Ajman,United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and IT, Ajman, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034896032","display_name":"Ahmed Alkhayyat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0962-3453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131779051","display_name":"Iraqi University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wfhkb67","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131779051"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143651","display_name":"Northern Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ytenv10","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155527","display_name":"Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04hsvhf62","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155527"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Alkhayyat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Technical Engineering,Najaf,Iraq","Department of Computer Technical Engineering, Najaf, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Technical Engineering,Najaf,Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131779051","https://openalex.org/I4210143651","https://openalex.org/I4210155527"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Technical Engineering, Najaf, Iraq","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331811","display_name":"Muhammad Ali Imran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-9136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182000528","display_name":"Ajman University","ror":"https://ror.org/01j1rma10","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195939026","display_name":"Glasgow Caledonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dvm1235","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]}],"countries":["AE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ali Imran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Glasgow Caledonian University,Glasgow,UK","Artificial Intelligence Research Center (AIRC), Ajman University, Ajman, UAE","Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Glasgow Caledonian University,Glasgow,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Research Center (AIRC), Ajman University, Ajman, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047892843","display_name":"Qammer H. Abbasi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7097-9969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195939026","display_name":"Glasgow Caledonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dvm1235","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qammer H. Abbasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Glasgow Caledonian University,Glasgow,UK","Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Glasgow Caledonian University,Glasgow,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"77","last_page":"81"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9779000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.6357263326644897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5656530261039734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.37768077850341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3582616448402405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.31598204374313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.07029810547828674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.056599557399749756}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6357263326644897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5656530261039734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.37768077850341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3582616448402405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.31598204374313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.07029810547828674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.056599557399749756}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icspis60075.2023.10343835","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icspis60075.2023.10343835","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 6th International Conference on Signal Processing and Information Security (ICSPIS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:307711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/61214.html>,","pdf_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/307711/2/307711.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Proceedings"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.gcu.ac.uk:publications/abcfd458-39f5-4238-878d-d53bd5924427","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchonline.gcu.ac.uk/en/publications/abcfd458-39f5-4238-878d-d53bd5924427","pdf_url":"https://researchonline.gcu.ac.uk/ws/files/83119087/82978616.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402566","display_name":"ResearchOnline (Glasgow Caledonian University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I195939026","host_organization_name":"Glasgow Caledonian University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:307711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/61214.html>,","pdf_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/307711/2/307711.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Proceedings"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2193117753","display_name":"COG-MHEAR: Towards cognitively-inspired 5G-IoT enabled, multi-modal Hearing Aids","funder_award_id":"EP/T021063/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2447866707","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/T021063/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389629116.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389629116.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2077725990","https://openalex.org/W2138569298","https://openalex.org/W2769575562","https://openalex.org/W3126236590","https://openalex.org/W3127266056","https://openalex.org/W4312938691","https://openalex.org/W4362028571","https://openalex.org/W4388010919","https://openalex.org/W6628802962"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W4402327032","https://openalex.org/W2382290278"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,84],"research":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,20,59,73],"unique":[4],"and":[5,47,76,129,140,147],"innovative":[6,85],"approach":[7],"to":[8,63,99,113],"teaching":[9],"young":[10,82],"children":[11],"the":[12,65,102,115,135,142,149,168],"proper":[13],"steps":[14],"of":[15,61,78,109,162,170],"ablution":[16,32,87,118,155],"(wazoo/wudu)":[17],"by":[18],"utilizing":[19],"non-invasive":[21],"sensing":[22],"system":[23,88,111,151],"integrated":[24],"with":[25,44,51,58,93,167],"deep":[26],"learning":[27],"algorithms.":[28],"However,":[29],"most":[30],"existing":[31],"detection":[33],"systems":[34],"rely":[35],"on":[36],"cameras,":[37],"which":[38],"raise":[39],"privacy":[40],"concerns,":[41],"face":[42],"challenges":[43,103],"lighting":[45],"conditions,":[46],"require":[48],"complex":[49],"training":[50],"long":[52],"video":[53],"sequences.":[54],"We":[55],"conducted":[56],"experiments":[57],"group":[60],"youngsters":[62],"evaluate":[64],"system\u2019s":[66],"effectiveness,":[67],"demonstrating":[68],"its":[69],"potential":[70],"in":[71],"fostering":[72],"deeper":[74],"appreciation":[75],"comprehension":[77],"religious":[79],"practices":[80],"among":[81],"learners.":[83],"privacy-preserving":[86],"employs":[89],"state-of-the-art":[90],"UWB-radar":[91],"technology":[92],"advanced":[94],"Deep":[95],"Learning":[96],"(DL)":[97],"techniques":[98],"effectively":[100],"address":[101],"mentioned":[104],"above.":[105],"The":[106],"core":[107],"focus":[108],"this":[110],"is":[112],"categorize":[114],"four":[116],"fundamental":[117],"steps:":[119],"Wash":[120,123,126,130],"Face":[121],"3x,":[122,125],"Hand":[124],"Head":[127],"1x,":[128],"Feet":[131],"3x.":[132],"By":[133],"transforming":[134],"collected":[136],"data":[137],"into":[138],"spectrograms":[139],"harnessing":[141],"sophisticated":[143],"DL":[144],"models":[145],"VGG16":[146],"VGG19,":[148],"proposed":[150],"accurately":[152],"detects":[153],"these":[154],"steps,":[156],"achieving":[157],"an":[158],"impressive":[159],"maximum":[160],"accuracy":[161],"97.92%":[163],"across":[164],"all":[165],"categories":[166],"utilization":[169],"VGG16.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-26T07:53:14.480251","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
