{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3010552860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icspcs47537.2019.9008748","title":"On the Number of Participants Needed for Subjective Quality Assessment of 360\u00b0 Videos","display_name":"On the Number of Participants Needed for Subjective Quality Assessment of 360\u00b0 Videos","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3010552860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icspcs47537.2019.9008748","mag":"3010552860"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icspcs47537.2019.9008748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icspcs47537.2019.9008748","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 13th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073318200","display_name":"Hans\u2010J\u00fcrgen Zepernick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3604-2766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52719799","display_name":"Blekinge Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0093a8w51","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans-Jurgen Zepernick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blekinge Institute of Technology, SE-371 79, Karlskrona, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blekinge Institute of Technology, SE-371 79, Karlskrona, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015188256","display_name":"Majed Elwardy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7550-5818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52719799","display_name":"Blekinge Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0093a8w51","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Majed Elwardy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blekinge Institute of Technology, SE-371 79, Karlskrona, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blekinge Institute of Technology, SE-371 79, Karlskrona, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082254767","display_name":"Yan Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3283-2819"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52719799","display_name":"Blekinge Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0093a8w51","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blekinge Institute of Technology, SE-371 79, Karlskrona, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blekinge Institute of Technology, SE-371 79, Karlskrona, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043511955","display_name":"Veronica Sundstedt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3639-9327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52719799","display_name":"Blekinge Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0093a8w51","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Veronica Sundstedt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blekinge Institute of Technology, SE-371 79, Karlskrona, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blekinge Institute of Technology, SE-371 79, Karlskrona, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3047,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63073943,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9742000102996826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7071629762649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.6678544282913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-opinion-score","display_name":"Mean opinion score","score":0.5666687488555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-experience","display_name":"Quality of experience","score":0.535454511642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5329649448394775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.5201632976531982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.507440984249115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","score":0.48591771721839905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.45574072003364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.4464159905910492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadcasting","display_name":"Broadcasting (networking)","score":0.4451015293598175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subjective-video-quality","display_name":"Subjective video quality","score":0.43866705894470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-quality","display_name":"Video quality","score":0.4219374358654022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2634744942188263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.2158064842224121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1967163383960724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.18992748856544495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.1634054183959961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1313229501247406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.10965994000434875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.0965222418308258}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7071629762649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.6678544282913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62897895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1915482","display_name":"Mean opinion score","level":3,"score":0.5666687488555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779333187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3132648","display_name":"Quality of experience","level":3,"score":0.535454511642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5329649448394775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.5201632976531982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.507440984249115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.48591771721839905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.45574072003364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.4464159905910492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110157686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922122","display_name":"Broadcasting (networking)","level":2,"score":0.4451015293598175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114227958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7631422","display_name":"Subjective video quality","level":4,"score":0.43866705894470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103910844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2631256","display_name":"Video quality","level":3,"score":0.4219374358654022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2634744942188263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.2158064842224121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1967163383960724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.18992748856544495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.1634054183959961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1313229501247406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.10965994000434875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0965222418308258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icspcs47537.2019.9008748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icspcs47537.2019.9008748","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 13th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1911247089","https://openalex.org/W1966700952","https://openalex.org/W1994877858","https://openalex.org/W2101970752","https://openalex.org/W2103391516","https://openalex.org/W2332942235","https://openalex.org/W2753433004","https://openalex.org/W2766645130","https://openalex.org/W2781998775","https://openalex.org/W2802409319","https://openalex.org/W2851336928","https://openalex.org/W2894154471","https://openalex.org/W2905080813","https://openalex.org/W2953711237","https://openalex.org/W2973570993","https://openalex.org/W2976079220","https://openalex.org/W3101604971","https://openalex.org/W4289387930","https://openalex.org/W6639877650","https://openalex.org/W6675329660"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046455617","https://openalex.org/W2943685190","https://openalex.org/W1996919562","https://openalex.org/W3027116454","https://openalex.org/W4385804965","https://openalex.org/W2611572988","https://openalex.org/W2288214742","https://openalex.org/W3159932828","https://openalex.org/W2205039763","https://openalex.org/W3127182254"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Immersive":[0],"multimedia":[1,53],"applications":[2,24],"such":[3,98],"as":[4,73],"360\u00b0":[5,96,115],"videos":[6,97,116],"and":[7,29,37,45,161,168,200],"virtual":[8],"reality":[9],"(VR)":[10],"live":[11],"broadcasting":[12],"are":[13,90,171],"expected":[14],"to":[15,31,47,63,142,178,184],"receive":[16],"increased":[17],"popularity":[18],"in":[19,92],"the":[20,33,76,84,121,135,140,143,162,186,190,193],"consumer":[21],"markets.":[22],"These":[23],"provide":[25,56],"three-dimensional":[26],"spatial":[27],"information":[28],"require":[30],"develop":[32,51],"related":[34],"advanced":[35],"wired":[36],"wireless":[38],"ecosystems":[39],"ranging":[40],"from":[41],"head-mounted":[42],"displays":[43],"(HMDs)":[44],"processors":[46],"network":[48],"connectivity.":[49],"To":[50],"immersive":[52],"systems":[54],"that":[55,67,99,176],"acceptable":[57],"user":[58],"experiences,":[59],"it":[60],"is":[61,106,150,174],"essential":[62],"conduct":[64],"subjective":[65,70,93,103,112],"experiments":[66,94],"support":[68],"assessing":[69],"video":[71],"quality":[72,104],"perceived":[74],"by":[75,139],"users.":[77],"In":[78,152],"this":[79,109],"paper,":[80],"we":[81],"focus":[82],"on":[83,147],"question":[85],"of":[86,134,165,189,196],"how":[87],"many":[88],"participants":[89,141,180],"needed":[91],"for":[95,114],"a":[100,111],"statistically":[101],"meaningful":[102],"assessment":[105],"supported.":[107],"For":[108],"purpose,":[110],"experiment":[113],"has":[117],"been":[118],"conducted":[119],"using":[120],"modified":[122],"absolute":[123],"category":[124],"rating":[125],"with":[126],"hidden":[127],"reference":[128],"(M-ACR-HR)":[129],"method.":[130],"A":[131],"statistical":[132],"analysis":[133],"opinion":[136,155],"scores":[137,156],"given":[138,194],"visual":[144],"stimuli":[145],"shown":[146,175],"an":[148],"HMD":[149],"provided.":[151],"particular,":[153],"mean":[154],"(MOS),":[157],"differential":[158,169,187],"MOS":[159],"(DMOS),":[160],"associated":[163],"margin":[164],"error":[166],"(MoE)":[167],"MoE":[170,188],"obtained.":[172],"It":[173],"21":[177],"26":[179],"would":[181],"be":[182],"sufficient":[183],"drive":[185],"DMOS":[191],"below":[192],"thresholds":[195],"$\\epsilon":[197,201],"$":[198],"=1%":[199],"$=0.75%,":[202],"respectively.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
