{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3008222620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icspcs47537.2019.9008700","title":"Anomaly Detection Using WiFi Signals of Opportunity","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Using WiFi Signals of Opportunity","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3008222620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icspcs47537.2019.9008700","mag":"3008222620"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icspcs47537.2019.9008700","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icspcs47537.2019.9008700","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 13th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050535168","display_name":"Elia Favarelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9266-4880"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elia Favarelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["DEI, University of Bologna Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0, Cesena, Italy","DEI, University of Bologna Via dell'Universit\u00e0, Cesena, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DEI, University of Bologna Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0, Cesena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DEI, University of Bologna Via dell'Universit\u00e0, Cesena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016662146","display_name":"Enrico Testi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2238-9160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrico Testi","raw_affiliation_strings":["DEI, University of Bologna Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0, Cesena, Italy","DEI, University of Bologna Via dell'Universit\u00e0, Cesena, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DEI, University of Bologna Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0, Cesena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DEI, University of Bologna Via dell'Universit\u00e0, Cesena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047865147","display_name":"Lorenzo Pucci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-6145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorenzo Pucci","raw_affiliation_strings":["DEI, University of Bologna Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0, Cesena, Italy","DEI, University of Bologna Via dell'Universit\u00e0, Cesena, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DEI, University of Bologna Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0, Cesena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DEI, University of Bologna Via dell'Universit\u00e0, Cesena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009853604","display_name":"Marco Chiani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8782-8318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Chiani","raw_affiliation_strings":["DEI, University of Bologna Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0, Cesena, Italy","DEI, University of Bologna Via dell'Universit\u00e0, Cesena, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DEI, University of Bologna Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0, Cesena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DEI, University of Bologna Via dell'Universit\u00e0, Cesena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005720550","display_name":"Andrea Giorgetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6341-3927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Giorgetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["DEI, University of Bologna Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0, Cesena, Italy","DEI, University of Bologna Via dell'Universit\u00e0, Cesena, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DEI, University of Bologna Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0, Cesena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DEI, University of Bologna Via dell'Universit\u00e0, Cesena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050535168"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3317,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81870122,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2019","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.8434673547744751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.7554125785827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7483602166175842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rss","display_name":"RSS","score":0.6968622207641602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5890918374061584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5764034390449524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.535476803779602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.4882988929748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.4745550751686096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-strength","display_name":"Signal strength","score":0.465833842754364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.45473769307136536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.43974313139915466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4213351011276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.35188570618629456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2853778004646301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.26876145601272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20889794826507568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.8434673547744751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.7554125785827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7483602166175842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2385561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45432","display_name":"RSS","level":2,"score":0.6968622207641602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5890918374061584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5764034390449524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.535476803779602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.4882988929748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4745550751686096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176808163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105794","display_name":"Signal strength","level":3,"score":0.465833842754364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.45473769307136536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.43974313139915466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4213351011276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.35188570618629456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2853778004646301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26876145601272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20889794826507568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icspcs47537.2019.9008700","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icspcs47537.2019.9008700","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 13th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/731892","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11585/731892","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"mag:3042137968","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://jglobal.jst.go.jp/en/detail?JGLOBAL_ID=202002217185999907","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306512817","display_name":"IEEE Conference Proceedings","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Conference Proceedings","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2042241038","https://openalex.org/W2102332722","https://openalex.org/W2111159811","https://openalex.org/W2119289768","https://openalex.org/W2124053294","https://openalex.org/W2125431326","https://openalex.org/W2129905273","https://openalex.org/W2135812407","https://openalex.org/W2140095548","https://openalex.org/W2150489619","https://openalex.org/W2294724112","https://openalex.org/W2346191743","https://openalex.org/W2592145690","https://openalex.org/W2803903883","https://openalex.org/W2830017456","https://openalex.org/W2888896222","https://openalex.org/W2903181051","https://openalex.org/W2911532254","https://openalex.org/W2912285713","https://openalex.org/W2951615004","https://openalex.org/W3009392228","https://openalex.org/W3009937648","https://openalex.org/W3098869552","https://openalex.org/W4248721357"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162859609","https://openalex.org/W150547863","https://openalex.org/W2022445516","https://openalex.org/W4200318234","https://openalex.org/W2982532306","https://openalex.org/W1891938465","https://openalex.org/W1639914594","https://openalex.org/W4237766728","https://openalex.org/W2806741695","https://openalex.org/W4253688861"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Detection":[0],"of":[1,35,46,80,121,140],"changes":[2,48],"in":[3,13,49,83,93,103,119,138],"indoor":[4,51],"areas":[5],"and":[6,16,38,64],"controlled":[7],"environments":[8],"is":[9,44,87,102],"getting":[10],"increasing":[11],"interest":[12],"ambient":[14],"intelligence":[15],"security.":[17],"In":[18],"this":[19],"paper,":[20],"we":[21,70],"propose":[22],"a":[23,59,67,81,94,131,145],"radio-frequency":[24],"(RF)based":[25],"anomaly":[26,73],"detector":[27],"that,":[28],"observing":[29],"the":[30,78,84,99,127],"spectrum":[31],"received":[32,133],"from":[33],"signals":[34],"opportunity":[36],"(SoOp)":[37],"exploiting":[39],"machine":[40],"learning":[41],"(ML)":[42],"techniques,":[43],"capable":[45],"revealing":[47],"an":[50,107],"environment.":[52],"Based":[53],"on":[54],"real":[55],"waveforms":[56],"emitted":[57],"by":[58,66,77,113],"WiFi":[60],"access":[61],"point":[62],"(AP)":[63],"collected":[65],"RF":[68],"sensor,":[69],"demonstrate":[71,125],"that":[72,126],"detection,":[74],"e.g.,":[75],"represented":[76],"presence":[79],"person":[82],"monitored":[85],"area,":[86],"possible.":[88],"The":[89],"proposed":[90,128],"methodology,":[91],"tested":[92],"typical":[95],"office":[96],"environment":[97],"when":[98],"AP-sensor":[100],"link":[101],"non-line-of-sight":[104],"(NLOS),":[105],"achieves":[106],"accuracy":[108],"greater":[109],"than":[110],"95%":[111],"just":[112,144],"collecting":[114],"few":[115],"beacon":[116],"packets,":[117],"i.e.,":[118],"dozens":[120],"milliseconds.":[122],"Moreover,":[123],"results":[124],"approach":[129],"outperforms":[130],"well-known":[132],"signal":[134],"strength":[135],"(RSS)-based":[136],"solution":[137],"terms":[139],"accuracy,":[141],"even":[142],"using":[143],"single":[146],"sensor.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-23T06:14:38.165362","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}