{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2006641107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icspcs.2013.6723907","title":"Measurements and characterizations of spatial and temporal TOA based ranging for indoor WLAN channels","display_name":"Measurements and characterizations of spatial and temporal TOA based ranging for indoor WLAN channels","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2006641107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icspcs.2013.6723907","mag":"2006641107"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icspcs.2013.6723907","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icspcs.2013.6723907","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013, 7th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080078385","display_name":"Ebtesam Almazrouei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3445-0467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ebtesam Almazrouei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research, UAE","Etisalat-British Telecommun. Innovation Centre (EBTIC), Khalifa Univ. of Sci., Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Etisalat-British Telecommun. Innovation Centre (EBTIC), Khalifa Univ. of Sci., Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003754732","display_name":"Nayef Al Sindi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nayef Al Sindi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research","Etisalat-British Telecommun. Innovation Centre (EBTIC), Khalifa Univ. of Sci., Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Etisalat-British Telecommun. Innovation Centre (EBTIC), Khalifa Univ. of Sci., Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111498649","display_name":"Saleh R. Al\u2010Araji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saleh R. Al-Araji","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering","Coll. of Eng., Khalifa Univ. of Sci., Technol. & Res., Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coll. of Eng., Khalifa Univ. of Sci., Technol. & Res., Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033853183","display_name":"Nazar Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2991-9451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nazar Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering","Coll. of Eng., Khalifa Univ. of Sci., Technol. & Res., Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coll. of Eng., Khalifa Univ. of Sci., Technol. & Res., Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053468679","display_name":"Zden\u011bk Chaloupka","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zdenek Chaloupka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research, UAE","Etisalat-British Telecommun. Innovation Centre (EBTIC), Khalifa Univ. of Sci., Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Etisalat-British Telecommun. Innovation Centre (EBTIC), Khalifa Univ. of Sci., Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086295355","display_name":"James Aweya","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Aweya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research, UAE","Etisalat-British Telecommun. Innovation Centre (EBTIC), Khalifa Univ. of Sci., Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Etisalat-British Telecommun. Innovation Centre (EBTIC), Khalifa Univ. of Sci., Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4801,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68623563,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.9558632373809814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.9195597171783447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7796883583068848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rss","display_name":"RSS","score":0.7579153180122375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.7101220488548279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-of-arrival","display_name":"Time of arrival","score":0.6887473464012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.529181182384491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.5100906491279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.37045133113861084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3269921541213989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2907005846500397}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.9558632373809814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.9195597171783447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7796883583068848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2385561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45432","display_name":"RSS","level":2,"score":0.7579153180122375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.7101220488548279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163150518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4135208","display_name":"Time of arrival","level":3,"score":0.6887473464012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.529181182384491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.5100906491279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.37045133113861084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3269921541213989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2907005846500397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icspcs.2013.6723907","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icspcs.2013.6723907","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013, 7th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015895497","https://openalex.org/W2058728358","https://openalex.org/W2099702644","https://openalex.org/W2100989187","https://openalex.org/W2104479788","https://openalex.org/W2111825263","https://openalex.org/W2130945928","https://openalex.org/W2167251937","https://openalex.org/W2170048674","https://openalex.org/W2533001766","https://openalex.org/W6665069165","https://openalex.org/W6676828648"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2904654071","https://openalex.org/W3004316703","https://openalex.org/W3149021053","https://openalex.org/W2581862718","https://openalex.org/W2124974059","https://openalex.org/W3015557304","https://openalex.org/W2341433667","https://openalex.org/W2258106632","https://openalex.org/W2900608567","https://openalex.org/W2786742173"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Indoor":[0],"localization":[1,59],"has":[2,87],"gained":[3],"considerable":[4],"attention":[5],"in":[6,76,84,93,119,135,152],"the":[7,19,45,64,94,100,103,106,116,125,131,150,158,167,182,195,204,207],"last":[8],"decade.":[9],"Different":[10],"approaches":[11,72],"and":[12,67,91,110,114,140,194,199,206],"techniques":[13],"have":[14,73],"been":[15,74,89],"proposed":[16,75],"to":[17,29,47,99,112,203],"solve":[18],"indoor":[20,120],"location":[21,181],"problem":[22],"from":[23],"received":[24],"signal":[25],"strength":[26],"(RSS)":[27],"fingerprinting":[28],"time":[30],"of":[31,50,81,102,137,142,160,169],"arrival":[32],"(TOA)":[33],"based":[34,58,70],"ultra":[35],"wideband":[36],"(UWB)":[37],"systems.":[38],"However":[39],"it":[40],"is":[41,122,146,155,172],"highly":[42],"desirable":[43],"for":[44,60,178],"solution":[46],"take":[48],"advantage":[49],"existing":[51],"network":[52],"infrastructure":[53],"such":[54],"as":[55,188],"WLAN.":[56],"RSS":[57],"WLAN":[61,85],"cannot":[62],"provide":[63],"required":[65],"accuracy":[66,168],"recently":[68],"TOA":[69,82,117,170],"ranging":[71,83,118,132],"IEEE":[77],"802.11v.":[78],"The":[79,174,192],"performance":[80,134,151],"channels":[86,154],"not":[88],"investigated":[90],"characterized":[92],"literature.":[95],"In":[96,148],"this":[97],"paper,":[98],"best":[101],"authors'":[104],"knowledge,":[105],"first":[107],"experimental":[108],"measurement":[109,129],"analysis":[111],"characterize":[113],"model":[115],"environment":[121],"introduced.":[123],"Using":[124],"well-known":[126],"frequency":[127],"domain":[128],"system,":[130],"error":[133,184],"line":[136],"sight":[138,143],"(LOS)":[139],"non-line":[141],"(NLOS)":[144],"environments":[145],"investigated.":[147,173],"addition":[149],"time-varying":[153,183],"analyzed,":[156],"where":[157],"impact":[159],"human":[161],"induced":[162],"motion":[163],"(small-scale":[164],"fading)":[165],"on":[166],"estimation":[171],"results":[175],"indicate":[176],"that":[177],"a":[179,189],"given":[180],"can":[185],"be":[186],"modeled":[187],"normal":[190],"distribution.":[191],"mean":[193],"variance":[196],"vary":[197],"spatially":[198],"are":[200],"directly":[201],"related":[202],"movements":[205],"multipath":[208],"structure":[209],"(open":[210],"space,":[211],"cluttered":[212],"environment,":[213],"etc.)":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}