{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2056822551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2012.6377912","title":"Quality fusion based multimodal eye recognition","display_name":"Quality fusion based multimodal eye recognition","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2056822551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2012.6377912","mag":"2056822551"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsmc.2012.6377912","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2012.6377912","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100760222","display_name":"Zhi Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9142-8146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biometrics and Pattern Recognition Laboratory in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, USA","biometrics and pattern recognition laboratory in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 46202, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometrics and Pattern Recognition Laboratory in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"biometrics and pattern recognition laboratory in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 46202, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008883201","display_name":"Eliza Yingzi Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4121-2673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eliza Yingzi Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biometrics and Pattern Recognition Laboratory in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, USA","biometrics and pattern recognition laboratory in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 46202, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometrics and Pattern Recognition Laboratory in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"biometrics and pattern recognition laboratory in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 46202, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004005661","display_name":"Craig Belcher","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig Belcher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biometrics and Pattern Recognition Laboratory in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, USA","biometrics and pattern recognition laboratory in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 46202, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometrics and Pattern Recognition Laboratory in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"biometrics and pattern recognition laboratory in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 46202, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110072717","display_name":"N. Luke Thomas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Luke Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biometrics and Pattern Recognition Laboratory in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, USA","biometrics and pattern recognition laboratory in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 46202, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometrics and Pattern Recognition Laboratory in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"biometrics and pattern recognition laboratory in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 46202, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089688702","display_name":"Edward J. Delp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2909-7323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward J. Delp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.196,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90110957,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1297","last_page":"1302"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9746999740600586,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.967199981212616,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris-recognition","display_name":"Iris recognition","score":0.8207168579101562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7741454839706421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sclera","display_name":"Sclera","score":0.7650364637374878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7340239882469177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","score":0.6563475131988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.6345003843307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5675855278968811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5427025556564331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.43216612935066223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.41727960109710693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.15009340643882751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.07727926969528198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.07566538453102112}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112356035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1672722","display_name":"Iris recognition","level":3,"score":0.8207168579101562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7741454839706421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777100477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193107","display_name":"Sclera","level":2,"score":0.7650364637374878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7340239882469177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779503344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5973514","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","level":3,"score":0.6563475131988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.6345003843307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5675855278968811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5427025556564331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.43216612935066223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.41727960109710693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.15009340643882751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.07727926969528198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.07566538453102112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsmc.2012.6377912","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2012.6377912","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310002","display_name":"Universidade da Beira Interior","ror":"https://ror.org/03nf36p02"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1539013634","https://openalex.org/W1962010357","https://openalex.org/W1974821667","https://openalex.org/W2036227434","https://openalex.org/W2062916153","https://openalex.org/W2073630189","https://openalex.org/W2078875463","https://openalex.org/W2082272942","https://openalex.org/W2089227968","https://openalex.org/W2108138770","https://openalex.org/W2126371272","https://openalex.org/W2137853755","https://openalex.org/W2139695910","https://openalex.org/W2160242612","https://openalex.org/W2167075312","https://openalex.org/W2171585560","https://openalex.org/W2188614515","https://openalex.org/W2306164244","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6640974819","https://openalex.org/W6686786336"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162640687","https://openalex.org/W2018223046","https://openalex.org/W2759939383","https://openalex.org/W2294693339","https://openalex.org/W2355560018","https://openalex.org/W2147209541","https://openalex.org/W4231710054","https://openalex.org/W2557390811","https://openalex.org/W3133795085","https://openalex.org/W3213945064"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multimodal":[0],"eye":[1,36,44,77,86],"recognition":[2,8,70,78,87],"can":[3,20,79],"improve":[4,80],"the":[5,23,42,83],"biometric":[6],"systems":[7],"accuracy":[9],"by":[10],"combining":[11],"iris":[12,47,61],"and":[13,50,62,72,81],"sclera":[14,51,63],"recognition.":[15,37],"However,":[16],"poor":[17],"quality":[18,32,39,64,74],"images":[19],"significantly":[21],"affect":[22],"system":[24],"performance.":[25],"In":[26],"this":[27],"paper,":[28],"we":[29],"proposed":[30],"a":[31],"fusion":[33,75],"based":[34,76],"multimodal":[35],"Our":[38],"measure":[40],"evaluated":[41],"entire":[43],"image":[45],"quality,":[46,49],"area":[48,52],"quality.":[53],"The":[54],"experimental":[55],"results":[56],"show":[57],"that":[58],"our":[59,73],"overall":[60],"scores":[65],"are":[66],"highly":[67],"correlated":[68],"to":[69],"accuracy,":[71],"predict":[82],"performance":[84],"of":[85],"systems.":[88]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}