{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2152640056","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2012.6377871","title":"Credit risk evaluation with extreme learning machine","display_name":"Credit risk evaluation with extreme learning machine","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2152640056","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2012.6377871","mag":"2152640056"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsmc.2012.6377871","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2012.6377871","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007257279","display_name":"Hongming Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4605-0989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongming Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101703422","display_name":"Yuan Lan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5210-7107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007180550","display_name":"Yeng Chai Soh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0624-2302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yeng Chai Soh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061746912","display_name":"Guang-Bin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2480-4965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guang-Bin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100421950","display_name":"Rui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7457-5817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Northwest University, Xi'an, China","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Northwest University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":null,"first_page":"1064","last_page":"1069"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extreme-learning-machine","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","score":0.7393459677696228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.7126936316490173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6997058391571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credit-risk","display_name":"Credit risk","score":0.6610144376754761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6409730315208435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6116803288459778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5758880376815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.4713268578052521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credit-card","display_name":"Credit card","score":0.47108423709869385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-management","display_name":"Risk management","score":0.45033836364746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.446757048368454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3399132490158081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.29886531829833984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.17486125230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.11274036765098572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0874379575252533}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780150128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21948731","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","level":3,"score":0.7393459677696228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7126936316490173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6997058391571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178350159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162714","display_name":"Credit risk","level":2,"score":0.6610144376754761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6409730315208435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6116803288459778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5758880376815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4713268578052521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983355114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161380","display_name":"Credit card","level":3,"score":0.47108423709869385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32896092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Risk management","level":2,"score":0.45033836364746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.446757048368454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3399132490158081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.29886531829833984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.17486125230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.11274036765098572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0874379575252533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsmc.2012.6377871","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2012.6377871","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/97364","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/97364","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W100284314","https://openalex.org/W1604591429","https://openalex.org/W1980260088","https://openalex.org/W1985546543","https://openalex.org/W1998452394","https://openalex.org/W2000957563","https://openalex.org/W2005510983","https://openalex.org/W2011414287","https://openalex.org/W2026131661","https://openalex.org/W2029801487","https://openalex.org/W2057125921","https://openalex.org/W2064322681","https://openalex.org/W2088048599","https://openalex.org/W2096987757","https://openalex.org/W2111072639","https://openalex.org/W2124532504","https://openalex.org/W2134603844","https://openalex.org/W2135411679","https://openalex.org/W2141695047","https://openalex.org/W2158054309","https://openalex.org/W2260859552","https://openalex.org/W3120740533","https://openalex.org/W3124355498","https://openalex.org/W4230474071"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2067443264","https://openalex.org/W31566076","https://openalex.org/W4297902562","https://openalex.org/W2741186499","https://openalex.org/W2804652951","https://openalex.org/W2968645206","https://openalex.org/W2556335056","https://openalex.org/W2002678693","https://openalex.org/W1584764049","https://openalex.org/W2765298776"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Credit":[0],"risk":[1,11,75,87,108],"evaluation":[2,76,88,109],"has":[3,50],"become":[4],"an":[5],"increasingly":[6],"important":[7],"field":[8],"in":[9,53,77],"financial":[10,14],"management":[12],"for":[13,17,106],"institutions,":[15],"especially":[16],"banks":[18],"and":[19,26,56,123],"credit":[20,74,86,107],"card":[21],"companies.":[22],"Many":[23],"data":[24],"mining":[25],"statistical":[27],"methods":[28],"have":[29],"been":[30,51],"applied":[31],"to":[32,71],"this":[33,78],"field.":[34],"Extreme":[35],"learning":[36],"machine":[37],"(ELM)":[38],"classifier":[39],"as":[40,67],"a":[41,68],"type":[42],"of":[43,120],"generalized":[44],"single":[45],"hidden":[46],"layer":[47],"feed-forward":[48],"networks":[49],"used":[52,113],"many":[54],"applications":[55],"achieve":[57],"good":[58,122],"classification":[59,69],"accuracy.":[60],"Thus,":[61],"we":[62],"use":[63],"ELM":[64,102],"(kernel":[65],"based)":[66],"tool":[70],"perform":[72],"the":[73,99,111],"paper.":[79],"The":[80],"simulations":[81],"are":[82],"done":[83],"on":[84],"two":[85],"datasets":[89],"with":[90,118],"three":[91],"different":[92],"kernel":[93,100],"functions.":[94],"Simulation":[95],"results":[96],"show":[97],"that":[98],"based":[101],"is":[103],"more":[104],"suitable":[105],"than":[110],"popular":[112],"Support":[114],"Vector":[115],"Machines":[116],"(SVMs)":[117],"consideration":[119],"overall,":[121],"bad":[124],"accuracies.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
