{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1972500593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2010.5642405","title":"Intelligent water drops a new optimization algorithm for solving the Vehicle Routing Problem","display_name":"Intelligent water drops a new optimization algorithm for solving the Vehicle Routing Problem","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1972500593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2010.5642405","mag":"1972500593"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsmc.2010.5642405","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2010.5642405","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039788966","display_name":"Iman Kamkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8291-2593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183859904","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Mashhad","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvysh61","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I183859904"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110525433","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/01kzn7k21","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Iman Kamkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence, Islamic Azad University, Iran","Department of Artificial Intelligence, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Iran#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, Islamic Azad University, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110525433"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Iran#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183859904"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026330809","display_name":"Mohammad-R. Akbarzadeh-T","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5626-5559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110525433","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/01kzn7k21","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183859904","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Mashhad","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvysh61","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I183859904"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad-R. Akbarzadeh-T","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence, Islamic Azad University, Iran","Department of Artificial Intelligence, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Iran#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, Islamic Azad University, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110525433"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Iran#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183859904"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037058753","display_name":"Mahdi Yaghoobi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183859904","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Mashhad","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvysh61","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I183859904"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110525433","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/01kzn7k21","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahdi Yaghoobi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence, Islamic Azad University, Iran","Department of Artificial Intelligence, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Iran#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, Islamic Azad University, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110525433"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Iran#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183859904"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039788966"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I183859904"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.9966,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":68,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98456828,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12176","display_name":"Optimization and Packing Problems","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-routing-problem","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","score":0.9122515916824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6527986526489258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.6414237022399902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5616400837898254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5385947823524475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5159555077552795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.47767290472984314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.45141980051994324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2223767638206482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08397600054740906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.07009673118591309}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123784306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944041","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","level":3,"score":0.9122515916824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6527986526489258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.6414237022399902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5616400837898254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5385947823524475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5159555077552795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.47767290472984314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.45141980051994324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2223767638206482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08397600054740906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.07009673118591309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsmc.2010.5642405","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2010.5642405","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511952638","https://openalex.org/W1521114792","https://openalex.org/W1523954637","https://openalex.org/W1602816180","https://openalex.org/W1970462306","https://openalex.org/W2007401074","https://openalex.org/W2014412090","https://openalex.org/W2017387414","https://openalex.org/W2031438593","https://openalex.org/W2039059460","https://openalex.org/W2052614107","https://openalex.org/W2065398238","https://openalex.org/W2078637295","https://openalex.org/W2090435272","https://openalex.org/W2111174053","https://openalex.org/W2111581650","https://openalex.org/W2131332502","https://openalex.org/W2162508334","https://openalex.org/W6630785013","https://openalex.org/W6658178582"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W2018691209","https://openalex.org/W4312143452","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2789681586","https://openalex.org/W2794361564","https://openalex.org/W2996796639","https://openalex.org/W4366149309","https://openalex.org/W2972305535","https://openalex.org/W3095745430"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,68,107],"Vehicle":[1],"Routing":[2],"Problem":[3],"(VRP)":[4],"is":[5,25],"an":[6,26],"NP-hard":[7],"combinatorial":[8],"optimization":[9,28],"problem,":[10],"seeking":[11],"to":[12,48,58,119],"serve":[13],"a":[14,19,54],"number":[15],"of":[16,21,33,65],"customers":[17],"with":[18],"fleet":[20],"available":[22],"vehicles.":[23],"VRP":[24,59,77,113],"important":[27],"problem":[29],"in":[30],"the":[31,62,76],"field":[32],"transportation,":[34],"distribution":[35],"and":[36,42,97,117],"logistics.":[37],"To":[38],"date,":[39],"several":[40,120],"exact":[41],"approximate":[43],"approaches":[44],"have":[45],"been":[46],"proposed":[47],"solve":[49],"VRP.":[50],"Here,":[51],"we":[52],"apply":[53],"population":[55],"based":[56],"algorithm":[57,74],"by":[60,78,87],"imitating":[61],"natural":[63],"flow":[64],"water":[66,81],"drops.":[67],"\u201cIntelligent":[69],"Water":[70],"Drops\u201d":[71],"or":[72],"IWD":[73],"solves":[75],"modeling":[79],"how":[80],"drops":[82],"collectively":[83],"modify":[84],"their":[85],"environment":[86],"picking":[88],"up":[89],"dirt":[90],"from":[91],"river":[92],"bottoms":[93],"during":[94],"moving":[95],"downhill":[96],"leaving":[98],"sediments":[99],"(such":[100],"as":[101],"on":[102],"beaches)":[103],"when":[104],"slowing":[105],"down.":[106],"computational":[108],"results":[109],"for":[110],"fourteen":[111],"benchmark":[112],"problems":[114],"are":[115],"reported":[116],"compared":[118],"other":[121],"metaheuristic":[122],"approaches.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}