{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2136853919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2009.5346753","title":"Pulmonary nodule classification aided by clustering","display_name":"Pulmonary nodule classification aided by clustering","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2136853919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2009.5346753","mag":"2136853919"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsmc.2009.5346753","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2009.5346753","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027927638","display_name":"S. L. A. Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. L. A. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia","School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088007702","display_name":"Abbas Z. Kouzani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6292-1214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Z. Kouzani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia","School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077747587","display_name":"Gulisong Nasierding","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Nasierding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia","School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086767884","display_name":"Eric Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7390-0961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E.J. Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA, Australia","School of Mechanical Engineering, Adelaide University, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Adelaide University, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2296,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62671671,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"906","last_page":"911"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11111","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","score":0.9424999952316284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.688696026802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6007218956947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5818614363670349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nodule","display_name":"Nodule (geology)","score":0.5795131325721741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5576225519180298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.53091961145401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-aided-diagnosis","display_name":"Computer-aided diagnosis","score":0.4719392657279968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.44655105471611023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.4236864447593689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.18480083346366882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.09071868658065796}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.688696026802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6007218956947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5818614363670349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776731575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916245","display_name":"Nodule (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5795131325721741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5576225519180298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.53091961145401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779549770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122413","display_name":"Computer-aided diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.4719392657279968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.44655105471611023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.4236864447593689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.18480083346366882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09071868658065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsmc.2009.5346753","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2009.5346753","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.library.adelaide.edu.au:2440/87431","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2440/87431","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401835","display_name":"Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","host_organization_name":"The University of Adelaide","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2009.5346753","raw_type":"Conference paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.deakin.edu.au:DU:30029306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402457","display_name":"Deakin Research Online (Deakin University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","host_organization_name":"Deakin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57328791","https://openalex.org/W2012355247","https://openalex.org/W2049392157","https://openalex.org/W2060762784","https://openalex.org/W2063598448","https://openalex.org/W2066406368","https://openalex.org/W2085652537","https://openalex.org/W2104161577","https://openalex.org/W2112981453","https://openalex.org/W2113622874","https://openalex.org/W2126446504","https://openalex.org/W2131517285","https://openalex.org/W2134108967","https://openalex.org/W2136490963","https://openalex.org/W2151695813","https://openalex.org/W2153233077","https://openalex.org/W2155178156","https://openalex.org/W2168809519","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6675542457"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386259002","https://openalex.org/W1546989560","https://openalex.org/W3193043704","https://openalex.org/W3171520305","https://openalex.org/W1924178503","https://openalex.org/W4308716060","https://openalex.org/W2889302474","https://openalex.org/W2005234362","https://openalex.org/W2162970382","https://openalex.org/W1997235926"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lung":[0],"nodules":[1],"can":[2],"be":[3],"detected":[4],"through":[5],"examining":[6],"CT":[7,49],"scans.":[8],"An":[9],"automated":[10],"lung":[11,50],"nodule":[12],"classification":[13],"system":[14,21,86],"is":[15,34],"presented":[16],"in":[17,59],"this":[18],"paper.":[19],"The":[20,81],"employs":[22],"random":[23],"forests":[24],"as":[25],"its":[26,92],"base":[27],"classifier.":[28],"A":[29],"unique":[30],"architecture":[31],"for":[32],"classification-aided-by-clustering":[33],"presented.":[35],"Four":[36],"experiments":[37],"are":[38,57,76],"conducted":[39],"to":[40,63],"study":[41],"the":[42,45,54,60,64,67,79,85,89],"performance":[43],"of":[44,70,74,91],"developed":[46],"system.":[47,80],"5721":[48],"image":[51],"slices":[52],"from":[53],"LIDC":[55],"database":[56],"employed":[58],"experiments.":[61],"According":[62],"experimental":[65],"results,":[66],"highest":[68],"sensitivity":[69],"97.92%,":[71],"and":[72],"specificity":[73],"96.28%":[75],"achieved":[77],"by":[78],"results":[82],"demonstrate":[83],"that":[84],"has":[87],"improved":[88],"performances":[90],"tested":[93],"counterparts.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}