{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2102272099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2009.5346723","title":"Application of bidirectional two-dimensional principal component analysis to curvelet feature based face recognition","display_name":"Application of bidirectional two-dimensional principal component analysis to curvelet feature based face recognition","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2102272099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2009.5346723","mag":"2102272099"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsmc.2009.5346723","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2009.5346723","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111436230","display_name":"Abdul Adeel Mohammed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdul A. Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Windsor, Ontario, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Windsor, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100731724","display_name":"Q. M. Jonathan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5208-7975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133860","display_name":"Windsor Dermatology","ror":"https://ror.org/03m5z5h02","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133860"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Q. M. Jonathan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, CA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Windsor, Ontario, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133860"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Windsor, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035291753","display_name":"M.A. Sid-Ahmed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maher A. Sid-Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Windsor, Ontario, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Windsor, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111436230"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9707,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77929273,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"416","issue":null,"first_page":"4124","last_page":"4130"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9805999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curvelet","display_name":"Curvelet","score":0.961048424243927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.8062381744384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.7818159461021423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7526094913482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6236278414726257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.6121432781219482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.603969931602478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5990442633628845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.5745955109596252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.5560685992240906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.4978759288787842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4913879930973053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.33603864908218384}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131720326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5196075","display_name":"Curvelet","level":4,"score":0.961048424243927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.8062381744384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.7818159461021423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7526094913482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6236278414726257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.6121432781219482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.603969931602478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5990442633628845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.5745955109596252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.5560685992240906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.4978759288787842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4913879930973053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33603864908218384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsmc.2009.5346723","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2009.5346723","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1541521713","https://openalex.org/W1560910787","https://openalex.org/W1988790447","https://openalex.org/W1989702938","https://openalex.org/W2011743010","https://openalex.org/W2012352340","https://openalex.org/W2019363670","https://openalex.org/W2025588980","https://openalex.org/W2098947662","https://openalex.org/W2102544846","https://openalex.org/W2110636337","https://openalex.org/W2115528090","https://openalex.org/W2116165535","https://openalex.org/W2117853853","https://openalex.org/W2120954940","https://openalex.org/W2135463994","https://openalex.org/W2152469116","https://openalex.org/W2161278885","https://openalex.org/W2161811007","https://openalex.org/W2167049709","https://openalex.org/W2168792050","https://openalex.org/W2170080599","https://openalex.org/W2180187800","https://openalex.org/W2256775828","https://openalex.org/W4252350060","https://openalex.org/W6653239769","https://openalex.org/W6682394276","https://openalex.org/W6691928910"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2144429080","https://openalex.org/W2028052878","https://openalex.org/W2131724745","https://openalex.org/W2103042932","https://openalex.org/W2003440330","https://openalex.org/W200201533","https://openalex.org/W4171918","https://openalex.org/W4312054809","https://openalex.org/W2384626809","https://openalex.org/W2568913424"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"bidirectional":[1,134],"two-dimensional":[2],"principal":[3,74],"component":[4,75],"analysis":[5,19,76],"(2DPCA)":[6],"is":[7,143],"proposed":[8,88,133],"for":[9,31,37,78],"human":[10],"face":[11,137],"recognition":[12,38,138],"using":[13,72,131],"curvelet":[14,67,97],"feature":[15,82,98,125],"subspace.":[16],"Traditionally":[17],"multiresolution":[18],"tools":[20],"namely":[21],"wavelets":[22],"and":[23,33,39,57,114,123,140],"curvelets":[24],"have":[25],"been":[26],"used":[27],"in":[28,91,110,145],"the":[29,62,87,92,132,150],"past":[30,63],"extracting":[32],"analyzing":[34],"still":[35],"images":[36],"classification":[40],"tasks.":[41],"Curvelet":[42],"transform":[43],"has":[44],"gained":[45],"significant":[46],"popularity":[47],"over":[48],"wavelet":[49],"based":[50,136],"techniques":[51],"due":[52],"to":[53,96,118],"its":[54],"improved":[55],"directional":[56],"edge":[58],"representation":[59],"capability.":[60],"In":[61],"features":[64],"extracted":[65],"from":[66],"subbands":[68],"were":[69,129],"dimensionally":[70],"reduced":[71],"linear":[73],"(PCA)":[77],"obtaining":[79],"a":[80,120],"representative":[81],"set.":[83],"The":[84],"novelty":[85],"of":[86,94,105,149],"method":[89],"lies":[90],"application":[93],"2DPCA":[95,135],"subspace":[99],"by":[100],"computing":[101],"image":[102],"covariance":[103],"matrices":[104,109],"square":[106],"training":[107],"sample":[108],"their":[111],"original":[112],"form":[113,116],"transposed":[115],"respectively":[117],"generate":[119],"more":[121],"meaningful":[122],"enhanced":[124],"vectors.":[126],"Extensive":[127],"experiments":[128],"performed":[130],"algorithm":[139],"superior":[141],"performance":[142],"obtained":[144],"comparison":[146],"with":[147],"state":[148],"art":[151],"techniques.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}