{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2154172046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2009.5346118","title":"Replication and automation of expert judgments: Information engineering in legal e-discovery","display_name":"Replication and automation of expert judgments: Information engineering in legal e-discovery","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2154172046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2009.5346118","mag":"2154172046"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsmc.2009.5346118","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2009.5346118","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047439995","display_name":"Bruce Hedin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce Hedin","raw_affiliation_strings":["H5, San Francisco, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"H5, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074322406","display_name":"Douglas W. Oard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1696-0407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas W. Oard","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Studies & UMIACS CLIP Laboratory, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Studies & UMIACS CLIP Laboratory, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6569,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89741554,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"102","last_page":"107"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.9778000116348267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13274","display_name":"Expert finding and Q&A systems","score":0.9769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.758961021900177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6382671594619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.6192929744720459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5711100697517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replication","display_name":"Replication (statistics)","score":0.4925263822078705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.45815029740333557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strengths-and-weaknesses","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","score":0.43429237604141235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subject-matter-expert","display_name":"Subject-matter expert","score":0.41909387707710266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.403936505317688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3993469476699829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.26771020889282227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-system","display_name":"Expert system","score":0.12678053975105286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11904469132423401}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.758961021900177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6382671594619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.6192929744720459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5711100697517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12590798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933199","display_name":"Replication (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4925263822078705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.45815029740333557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63882131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17122954","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","level":2,"score":0.43429237604141235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105002631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4833645","display_name":"Subject-matter expert","level":3,"score":0.41909387707710266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.403936505317688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3993469476699829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26771020889282227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58328972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184609","display_name":"Expert system","level":2,"score":0.12678053975105286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11904469132423401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsmc.2009.5346118","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2009.5346118","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.220.7345","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.220.7345","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.glue.umd.edu/%7Eoard/pdf/smc09.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5899999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332178","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W157916489","https://openalex.org/W1480224957","https://openalex.org/W2120308175","https://openalex.org/W2123545015","https://openalex.org/W2126105412","https://openalex.org/W2155355283","https://openalex.org/W4251113007","https://openalex.org/W6678644457"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4295769391","https://openalex.org/W2972220648","https://openalex.org/W2332667808","https://openalex.org/W1997921863","https://openalex.org/W3112960490","https://openalex.org/W93605524","https://openalex.org/W2021145421","https://openalex.org/W821271700","https://openalex.org/W4205713785","https://openalex.org/W2183009720"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,201],"retrieval":[1,142],"of":[2,31,38,63,72,78,86,98,135,150,153,166,181,189,207,212,219],"digital":[3],"evidence":[4],"responsive":[5],"to":[6,110,120,127],"discovery":[7],"requests":[8],"in":[9,13],"civil":[10],"litigation,":[11],"known":[12],"the":[14,28,36,42,55,60,84,87,111,116,128,133,140,148,151,157,167,179,208,213,217],"United":[15],"States":[16],"as":[17,161,197],"\u00bfe-discovery,\u00bf":[18],"presents":[19,203],"several":[20],"important":[21,30],"and":[22,25,48,75,81,100,114,124,183,192,199,210,222],"understudied":[23],"conditions":[24],"challenges.":[26],"Among":[27],"most":[29],"these":[32],"are":[33],"(i)":[34],"that":[35,40,59,83,106,115,146],"definition":[37,62,180],"responsiveness":[39,64],"governs":[41],"search":[43,88],"effort":[44,89],"can":[45],"be":[46,121],"learned":[47],"made":[49],"explicit":[50],"through":[51],"effective":[52],"interaction":[53],"with":[54],"responding":[56,117],"party,":[57],"(ii)":[58],"governing":[61],"is":[65,90,107],"generally":[66],"complex,":[67],"deriving":[68],"both":[69],"from":[70,76,216],"considerations":[71,77],"subject-matter":[73],"relevance":[74],"litigation":[79],"strategy,":[80],"(iii)":[82],"result":[85],"a":[91,95,102,204],"set":[92],"(rather":[93],"than":[94],"ranked":[96],"list)":[97],"documents,":[99],"sometimes":[101],"quite":[103],"large":[104],"set,":[105],"turned":[108],"over":[109],"requesting":[112],"party":[113,118],"certifies":[119],"an":[122,136],"accurate":[123],"complete":[125],"response":[126],"request.":[129],"This":[130],"paper":[131,202],"describes":[132],"design":[134,215],"\u00bfinteractive":[137],"task\u00bf":[138],"for":[139,178,187],"text":[141],"conference's":[143],"legal":[144],"track":[145],"had":[147],"evaluation":[149,214],"effectiveness":[152],"e-discovery":[154],"applications":[155],"at":[156],"\u00bfresponsive":[158],"review\u00bf":[159],"task":[160,170,174],"its":[162],"goal.":[163],"Notable":[164],"features":[165],"2008":[168],"interactive":[169],"were":[171],"high-fidelity":[172],"human-system":[173],"modeling,":[175],"authority":[176],"control":[177],"\u00bfresponsiveness,\u00bf":[182],"relatively":[184],"deep":[185],"sampling":[186],"estimation":[188],"type":[190,193],"1":[191],"2":[194],"errors":[195],"(expressed":[196],"\u00bfprecision\u00bf":[198],"\u00bfrecall\u00bf).":[200],"critical":[205],"assessment":[206],"strengths":[209],"weaknesses":[211],"perspectives":[218],"reliability,":[220],"reusability,":[221],"cost-benefit":[223],"tradeoffs.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
