{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2142411962","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2009.5346115","title":"Model predictive control of velocity and torque split in a parallel hybrid vehicle","display_name":"Model predictive control of velocity and torque split in a parallel hybrid vehicle","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2142411962","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2009.5346115","mag":"2142411962"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsmc.2009.5346115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2009.5346115","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100743703","display_name":"Tae Soo Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0471-9536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tae Soo Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia","Department of Mechanical Engineering; The University of Melbourne; Victoria 3010 Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering; The University of Melbourne; Victoria 3010 Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020178903","display_name":"Chris Manzie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9969-0982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Manzie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia","Department of Mechanical Engineering; The University of Melbourne; Victoria 3010 Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering; The University of Melbourne; Victoria 3010 Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091151406","display_name":"Rahul Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2665-1994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahul Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia","Department of Mechanical Engineering; The University of Melbourne; Victoria 3010 Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering; The University of Melbourne; Victoria 3010 Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100743703"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1618,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":80,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95081967,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2014","last_page":"2019"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overtaking","display_name":"Overtaking","score":0.7223583459854126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-predictive-control","display_name":"Model predictive control","score":0.6889897584915161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.635291337966919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6212692260742188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.6135022640228271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-efficiency","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","score":0.5437598824501038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-forward","display_name":"Feed forward","score":0.511206865310669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brake","display_name":"Brake","score":0.4939165711402893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.4935339689254761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4833056926727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.47940871119499207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-of-charge","display_name":"State of charge","score":0.4670148491859436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45374804735183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schedule","display_name":"Schedule","score":0.4498828053474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.4461131691932678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.437602162361145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.43375495076179504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.40654534101486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.31687361001968384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.2347487509250641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10786393284797668}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778448659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931051","display_name":"Overtaking","level":2,"score":0.7223583459854126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782962","display_name":"Model predictive control","level":3,"score":0.6889897584915161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.635291337966919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6212692260742188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.6135022640228271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45882903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5042317","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","level":2,"score":0.5437598824501038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38858127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441228","display_name":"Feed forward","level":2,"score":0.511206865310669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780999251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17022503","display_name":"Brake","level":2,"score":0.4939165711402893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.4935339689254761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4833056926727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.47940871119499207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776582896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5368536","display_name":"State of charge","level":4,"score":0.4670148491859436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45374804735183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.4498828053474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.4461131691932678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.437602162361145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.43375495076179504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.40654534101486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.31687361001968384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.2347487509250641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10786393284797668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsmc.2009.5346115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2009.5346115","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.710.7722","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.710.7722","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://people.eng.unimelb.edu.au/manziec/Publications%20pdfs/09_Conf_Kim.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace.library.uq.edu.au:UQ:264605","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402388","display_name":"Queensland's institutional digital repository (The University of Queensland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","host_organization_name":"The University of Queensland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W104496005","https://openalex.org/W1495870701","https://openalex.org/W1968209099","https://openalex.org/W2054375934","https://openalex.org/W2069906798","https://openalex.org/W2105332548","https://openalex.org/W2116507007","https://openalex.org/W2125079315","https://openalex.org/W2134278108","https://openalex.org/W2161747488","https://openalex.org/W2164600430","https://openalex.org/W2165579389","https://openalex.org/W6604323055","https://openalex.org/W6664390345","https://openalex.org/W6668266580","https://openalex.org/W6683644224"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3084163143","https://openalex.org/W3198453306","https://openalex.org/W3081587374","https://openalex.org/W591161629","https://openalex.org/W2294880310","https://openalex.org/W2102544652","https://openalex.org/W3208192858","https://openalex.org/W2618142536","https://openalex.org/W4251855072","https://openalex.org/W2012742078"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fuel":[0],"economy":[1,58],"of":[2,65,89,133],"parallel":[3],"hybrid":[4],"electric":[5],"vehicles":[6],"is":[7,29,48],"affected":[8],"by":[9,102],"both":[10,22],"the":[11,16,26,51,90,110,117,131,139],"torque":[12],"split":[13],"ratio":[14,115],"and":[15,69,78,83,86,107],"vehicle":[17,52,70,118],"velocity.":[18],"To":[19],"optimally":[20],"schedule":[21],"variables,":[23],"information":[24,126],"about":[25,127],"surrounding":[27],"traffic":[28,128],"necessary,":[30],"but":[31],"may":[32],"be":[33,100],"made":[34],"available":[35],"through":[36],"telemetry.":[37],"Consequently,":[38],"in":[39,105,109,130],"this":[40],"paper,":[41],"a":[42],"nonlinear":[43],"model":[44],"predictive":[45],"control":[46,53,94],"algorithm":[47],"proposed":[49],"for":[50,141],"system":[54],"to":[55,99,112,135],"maximise":[56],"fuel":[57,143],"while":[59],"satisfying":[60],"constraints":[61],"on":[62],"battery":[63],"state":[64],"charge,":[66],"relative":[67],"position":[68],"performance.":[71],"Different":[72],"scenarios":[73],"are":[74],"considered":[75],"including":[76],"allowing":[77],"disallowing":[79],"overtaking;":[80],"various":[81],"hard":[82],"soft":[84],"constraints;":[85],"computational":[87],"aspects":[88],"solution.":[91],"The":[92],"optimal":[93],"signal":[95],"vector":[96],"was":[97,121],"found":[98,122],"characterised":[101],"smooth":[103],"changes":[104],"velocity":[106],"increases":[108],"motor":[111],"engine":[113],"power":[114],"as":[116],"accelerates.":[119],"It":[120],"that":[123],"using":[124],"feedforward":[125],"flow":[129],"range":[132],"five":[134],"fifteen":[136],"seconds":[137],"has":[138],"potential":[140],"significant":[142],"savings":[144],"over":[145],"two":[146],"urban":[147],"drive":[148],"cycles.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
