{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2110273507","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2009.5345941","title":"Evolutionary synthesis of nand logic: Dissecting a digital organism","display_name":"Evolutionary synthesis of nand logic: Dissecting a digital organism","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2110273507","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2009.5345941","mag":"2110273507"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsmc.2009.5345941","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2009.5345941","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061508166","display_name":"Winston Ewert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0154-2659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157394403","display_name":"Baylor University","ror":"https://ror.org/005781934","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157394403"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Winston Ewert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA","Department of Computer Science; Baylor University; Waco Texas"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157394403"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science; Baylor University; Waco Texas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157394403"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108125187","display_name":"William A. Dembski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45019380","display_name":"Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary","ror":"https://ror.org/0132gqh60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45019380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William A. Dembski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, Fort Worth, TX, USA","Professor of Philosophy, Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, Fort Worth, Texas"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, Fort Worth, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45019380"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor of Philosophy, Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, Fort Worth, Texas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45019380"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064211368","display_name":"Robert J. Marks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3789-2308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157394403","display_name":"Baylor University","ror":"https://ror.org/005781934","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157394403"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert J. Marks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical & Computer Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA","Distinguished Professor of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, Texas"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical & Computer Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157394403"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Distinguished Professor of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, Texas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157394403"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061508166"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157394403"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4895,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9298068,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"3047","last_page":"3053"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9433000087738037,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7440133094787598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nand-gate","display_name":"NAND gate","score":0.6559003591537476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-algorithm","display_name":"Search algorithm","score":0.5584763288497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.4916275143623352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4703899621963501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.42689526081085205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3491250276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-gate","display_name":"Logic gate","score":0.3392726182937622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.20274609327316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1664307713508606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7440133094787598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124296912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575178","display_name":"NAND gate","level":3,"score":0.6559003591537476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125583679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755673","display_name":"Search algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5584763288497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.4916275143623352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4703899621963501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.42689526081085205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3491250276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.3392726182937622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.20274609327316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1664307713508606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsmc.2009.5345941","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2009.5345941","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6377624","https://openalex.org/W28412257","https://openalex.org/W87640161","https://openalex.org/W113450614","https://openalex.org/W130159071","https://openalex.org/W1224304992","https://openalex.org/W1557478695","https://openalex.org/W1568666816","https://openalex.org/W1573640198","https://openalex.org/W1638172072","https://openalex.org/W1672367851","https://openalex.org/W1795552381","https://openalex.org/W1892774209","https://openalex.org/W1923693611","https://openalex.org/W1994316428","https://openalex.org/W1995023359","https://openalex.org/W2005946215","https://openalex.org/W2066508184","https://openalex.org/W2107844279","https://openalex.org/W2117777415","https://openalex.org/W2124221042","https://openalex.org/W2126850567","https://openalex.org/W2137792980","https://openalex.org/W2151554678","https://openalex.org/W2157813345","https://openalex.org/W2157965697","https://openalex.org/W2531264864","https://openalex.org/W2799061466","https://openalex.org/W4240849727","https://openalex.org/W4244494905","https://openalex.org/W4254952533","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300173727","https://openalex.org/W6604614128","https://openalex.org/W6605225612","https://openalex.org/W6627852489","https://openalex.org/W6636799938","https://openalex.org/W6637348890","https://openalex.org/W6678135323"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3165307257","https://openalex.org/W2515312339","https://openalex.org/W2145098804","https://openalex.org/W4226211266","https://openalex.org/W2991151827","https://openalex.org/W2130440338","https://openalex.org/W1574518580","https://openalex.org/W2791832526","https://openalex.org/W2161229876","https://openalex.org/W4361799621"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"According":[0],"to":[1,54,72,96,145],"conservation":[2],"of":[3,7,42,63,94],"information":[4,52,65,85],"theorems,":[5],"performance":[6,106],"an":[8],"arbitrarily":[9],"chosen":[10],"search,":[11],"on":[12],"average,":[13],"does":[14],"no":[15],"better":[16,119],"than":[17,120],"blind":[18],"search.":[19,56],"Domain":[20],"expertise":[21],"and":[22],"prior":[23,117,142],"knowledge":[24,118,143],"about":[25],"search":[26,38,73,114],"space":[27],"structure":[28],"or":[29],"target":[30,134],"location":[31],"is":[32],"therefore":[33],"essential":[34],"in":[35,66,135],"crafting":[36],"the":[37,50,55,123,132,141],"algorithm.":[39],"The":[40],"effectiveness":[41],"a":[43,68,91,127],"given":[44],"algorithm":[45],"can":[46],"be":[47],"measured":[48],"by":[49,60,86],"active":[51,64,84],"introduced":[53],"We":[57],"illustrate":[58],"this":[59],"identifying":[61],"sources":[62],"Avida,":[67],"software":[69],"program":[70],"designed":[71],"for":[74],"logic":[75,88],"functions":[76,89,98],"using":[77,90,139],"nand":[78],"gates.":[79],"Avida":[80,124,133],"uses":[81],"stair":[82,102],"step":[83],"rewarding":[87],"smaller":[92],"number":[93],"nands":[95],"construct":[97],"requiring":[99],"more.":[100],"Removing":[101],"steps":[103],"deteriorates":[104],"Avida's":[105],"while":[107],"removing":[108],"deleterious":[109],"instructions":[110,138],"improves":[111],"it.":[112],"Some":[113],"algorithms":[115],"use":[116],"others.":[121],"For":[122],"digital":[125],"organism,":[126],"simple":[128],"evolutionary":[129],"strategy":[130],"generates":[131],"far":[136],"fewer":[137],"only":[140],"available":[144],"Avida.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}