{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1500298778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2005.1571420","title":"Architectural Framework for a System-of-Systems","display_name":"Architectural Framework for a System-of-Systems","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1500298778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2005.1571420","mag":"1500298778"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsmc.2005.1571420","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2005.1571420","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2005 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079782322","display_name":"Dale S. Caffall","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306997873","display_name":"Missile Defense Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/024z17f57","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1296703163","https://openalex.org/I1306997873","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I1330347796"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.S. Caffall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Headquarters, Missile Defense Agency, Washington D.C., DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Headquarters, Missile Defense Agency, Washington D.C., DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306997873"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071449255","display_name":"J.B. Michael","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35364215","display_name":"Naval Postgraduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/033yfkj90","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I3130687028","https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.B. Michael","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterrey, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterrey, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"1876","last_page":"1881"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12000","display_name":"Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12000","display_name":"Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14306","display_name":"Technology Assessment and Management","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5994670391082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.34055328369140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.32911941409111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19084668159484863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5994670391082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.34055328369140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.32911941409111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19084668159484863}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsmc.2005.1571420","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2005.1571420","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2005 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W105879457","https://openalex.org/W1508143344","https://openalex.org/W1546737040","https://openalex.org/W1565279216","https://openalex.org/W1980228813","https://openalex.org/W2010608898","https://openalex.org/W2012909473","https://openalex.org/W2038476425","https://openalex.org/W2058107586","https://openalex.org/W2110457150","https://openalex.org/W2112813785","https://openalex.org/W2159366585","https://openalex.org/W2167500728","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6632537029"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522116655","https://openalex.org/W2329619884","https://openalex.org/W3202658588","https://openalex.org/W2218692255","https://openalex.org/W2513537424","https://openalex.org/W3096962869","https://openalex.org/W4206917754","https://openalex.org/W3100892781","https://openalex.org/W1536050029","https://openalex.org/W2990845110"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,28],"propose":[1,29],"a":[2,9],"system-of-systems":[3,10,43],"construct":[4],"in":[5],"which":[6],"we":[7],"consider":[8],"infrastructure":[11,35],"that":[12,30,50,54],"is":[13,51],"composed":[14],"of":[15,58],"controlling":[16],"software":[17],"for":[18,36],"the":[19,42,47,56],"system-of-systems,":[20],"an":[21,34,37],"information":[22],"transport":[23],"network,":[24],"and":[25,53],"contract":[26,48],"interfaces.":[27],"developers":[31],"create":[32],"such":[33],"independent":[38],"system":[39],"to":[40,46],"join":[41],"by":[44],"adherence":[45],"interface":[49],"service-oriented":[52],"follows":[55],"principles":[57],"design-by-contract.":[59]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}