{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2102906232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2005.1571272","title":"Key Challenges and Opportunities in &amp;#8216;System of Systems&amp;#8217; Engineering","display_name":"Key Challenges and Opportunities in &amp;#8216;System of Systems&amp;#8217; Engineering","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2102906232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2005.1571272","mag":"2102906232"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsmc.2005.1571272","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2005.1571272","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2005 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083088966","display_name":"Jack Ring","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Ring","raw_affiliation_strings":["Innovation and Management, Gilbert, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovation and Management, Gilbert, AZ, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053541626","display_name":"Azad M. Madni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5225-0034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122931","display_name":"Intelligent Systems Technology (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02g0pbt71","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122931"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.M. Madni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems Technology, Inc., Santa Monica, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Technology, Inc., Santa Monica, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122931"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"973","last_page":"978"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12000","display_name":"Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12000","display_name":"Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14306","display_name":"Technology Assessment and Management","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11729","display_name":"Product Development and Customization","score":0.9646000266075134,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interfacing","display_name":"Interfacing","score":0.804843544960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6598875522613525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-of-systems","display_name":"System of systems","score":0.6032986044883728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5955373644828796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.5477764010429382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4697960615158081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.43890637159347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-of-systems-engineering","display_name":"System of systems engineering","score":0.4159470796585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.36157363653182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.254063218832016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-design","display_name":"Systems design","score":0.253820538520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.20513224601745605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.06709539890289307}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776303644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1020499","display_name":"Interfacing","level":2,"score":0.804843544960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6598875522613525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87912763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7663737","display_name":"System of systems","level":3,"score":0.6032986044883728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5955373644828796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.5477764010429382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4697960615158081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.43890637159347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95764724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7663738","display_name":"System of systems engineering","level":3,"score":0.4159470796585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.36157363653182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.254063218832016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31352089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3750474","display_name":"Systems design","level":2,"score":0.253820538520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.20513224601745605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.06709539890289307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsmc.2005.1571272","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2005.1571272","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2005 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.595.5937","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.595.5937","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://datafedwiki.wustl.edu/images/0/03/Ring_Madni_KeySoSChallenges.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W103068539","https://openalex.org/W594638297","https://openalex.org/W644645084","https://openalex.org/W1502711928","https://openalex.org/W1543857071","https://openalex.org/W1587442892","https://openalex.org/W1929225530","https://openalex.org/W1951383663","https://openalex.org/W1972922514","https://openalex.org/W2070672808","https://openalex.org/W2154734789","https://openalex.org/W2181438073","https://openalex.org/W2188720858","https://openalex.org/W2214284541","https://openalex.org/W4232099339","https://openalex.org/W4299725134","https://openalex.org/W6632358472"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2435278489","https://openalex.org/W3184917248","https://openalex.org/W585238896","https://openalex.org/W2097178072","https://openalex.org/W1542338789","https://openalex.org/W2503826534","https://openalex.org/W2059262214","https://openalex.org/W1966045096","https://openalex.org/W2073667790","https://openalex.org/W2074765100"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"System":[0],"of":[1,31,48,56,77],"systems":[2,32],"engineering":[3],"(SoSE)":[4],"extracts":[5],"value":[6],"from":[7],"existing":[8,39],"assets":[9,13],"and":[10,71,81,88],"designs":[11],"new":[12],"to":[14],"be":[15],"more":[16,60],"easily":[17],"re-purposed,":[18],"than":[19,62],"has":[20],"been":[21],"the":[22,53,57,64,69,74],"case.":[23],"One":[24],"way":[25,42,51],"SoSE":[26],"arrives":[27],"at":[28],"a":[29,46],"system":[30],"(SoS)":[33],"is":[34,43,59],"by":[35,44],"interfacing":[36],"or":[37],"incorporating":[38],"systems.":[40],"Another":[41],"\"harmonizing\"":[45],"set":[47],"holons.":[49],"Either":[50],"managing":[52],"on-going":[54],"evolution":[55],"SoS":[58],"challenging":[61],"initializing":[63],"SoS.":[65],"This":[66],"paper":[67],"presents":[68],"challenges":[70],"opportunities":[72],"for":[73,86],"next":[75],"generation":[76],"concepts,":[78],"principles,":[79],"methods":[80],"tools":[82],"that":[83],"are":[84],"needed":[85],"creating":[87],"sustaining":[89],"SoS's.":[90]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
