{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2111168075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2004.1398378","title":"Extracting subtle facial expression for emotional analysis","display_name":"Extracting subtle facial expression for emotional analysis","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-04-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2111168075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2004.1398378","mag":"2111168075"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsmc.2004.1398378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2004.1398378","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2004 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37583)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113706188","display_name":"John Cowell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66943878","display_name":"De Montfort University","ror":"https://ror.org/0312pnr83","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J.R. Cowell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Computer Science, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK","Department of Computer Science, De Montfort University, Leicester,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Computer Science, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, De Montfort University, Leicester,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055169998","display_name":"Aladdin Ayesh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5883-6113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66943878","display_name":"De Montfort University","ror":"https://ror.org/0312pnr83","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Ayesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Computer Science, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK","Department of Computer Science, De Montfort University, Leicester,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Computer Science, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, De Montfort University, Leicester,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113706188"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.906,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80317746,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"677","last_page":"681"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.8731811046600342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-action-coding-system","display_name":"Facial Action Coding System","score":0.8665634393692017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surprise","display_name":"Surprise","score":0.7466344833374023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.6951050758361816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.6406545042991638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5868805646896362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.5528606176376343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.46305060386657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3477175235748291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.34547242522239685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.31838852167129517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.23388609290122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10749143362045288}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.8731811046600342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40346341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391629","display_name":"Facial Action Coding System","level":3,"score":0.8665634393692017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780343955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333173","display_name":"Surprise","level":2,"score":0.7466344833374023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6951050758361816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.6406545042991638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5868805646896362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5528606176376343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.46305060386657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3477175235748291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.34547242522239685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.31838852167129517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.23388609290122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10749143362045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsmc.2004.1398378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2004.1398378","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2004 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37583)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.103.1075","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.103.1075","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cse.dmu.ac.uk/~jcowell/Research/ManCyberFINALRevised2.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1588539311","https://openalex.org/W1922666161","https://openalex.org/W1975238145","https://openalex.org/W2023838972","https://openalex.org/W2046677541","https://openalex.org/W2103876808","https://openalex.org/W2106390385","https://openalex.org/W2111045031","https://openalex.org/W2130676010","https://openalex.org/W2133180260","https://openalex.org/W2159017231","https://openalex.org/W2269039885","https://openalex.org/W3048844620","https://openalex.org/W4300955549","https://openalex.org/W6693635807"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012415311","https://openalex.org/W2130087906","https://openalex.org/W1998708415","https://openalex.org/W3169168314","https://openalex.org/W2627086084","https://openalex.org/W2023657742","https://openalex.org/W2049699482","https://openalex.org/W2953116087","https://openalex.org/W2503799762","https://openalex.org/W3153565281"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Humans":[0],"convey":[1],"emotions":[2],"with":[3],"subtle":[4],"facial":[5,40,55,63],"expressions.":[6],"The":[7,82],"interpretation":[8],"of":[9,30,48,74,80,84],"these":[10],"expressions":[11,41,75],"not":[12],"only":[13],"depends":[14],"on":[15,19,67],"that":[16],"expression,":[17],"but":[18],"how":[20],"it":[21],"developed.":[22],"Exposing":[23],"this":[24],"development":[25,83],"enables":[26],"a":[27,62,71,96],"better":[28],"analysis":[29],"the":[31,36,54,78,85],"ambiguity":[32],"experienced":[33],"when":[34],"analyzing":[35],"underlying":[37],"emotion.":[38],"Subtle":[39],"can":[42],"be":[43],"objectively":[44],"measured":[45],"in":[46,53],"terms":[47],"action":[49,56,91],"units":[50,92],"as":[51,95],"defined":[52],"coding":[57],"system.":[58],"This":[59],"paper":[60],"presents":[61],"expression":[64],"language":[65],"based":[66],"FACS":[68],"which":[69,88],"provides":[70],"continues":[72],"stream":[73],"for":[76],"measuring":[77],"growth":[79],"expression.":[81],"emotion":[86],"surprise":[87],"requires":[89],"two":[90],"is":[93],"used":[94],"test":[97],"case":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}