{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003148182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsm.2012.6405253","title":"An empirical analysis of the distribution of unit test smells and their impact on software maintenance","display_name":"An empirical analysis of the distribution of unit test smells and their impact on software maintenance","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003148182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsm.2012.6405253","mag":"2003148182"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsm.2012.6405253","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsm.2012.6405253","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 28th IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance (ICSM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056526226","display_name":"Gabriele Bavota","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2216-3148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriele Bavota","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015969406","display_name":"Abdallah Qusef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4769-6992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdallah Qusef","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009727039","display_name":"Rocco Oliveto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7995-8582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129627893","display_name":"University of Molise","ror":"https://ror.org/04z08z627","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129627893"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rocco Oliveto","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Molise, Pesche (IS), Italy","University of Molise,Pesche,IS,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Molise, Pesche (IS), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129627893"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Molise,Pesche,IS,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129627893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079088548","display_name":"Andrea De Lucia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4238-1425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea De Lucia","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008760456","display_name":"David Binkley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0059-4024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165556055","display_name":"Loyola University Maryland","ror":"https://ror.org/01by1wp65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165556055"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Binkley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, USA","Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, USA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165556055"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165556055"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":164,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"56","last_page":"65"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-smell","display_name":"Code smell","score":0.7848821878433228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-maintenance","display_name":"Software maintenance","score":0.6496984362602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6151720881462097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maintainability","display_name":"Maintainability","score":0.5771681666374207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.5704731941223145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit-testing","display_name":"Unit testing","score":0.5582256317138672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-testing","display_name":"Regression testing","score":0.5345133543014526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.5145317912101746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-management-approach","display_name":"Test Management Approach","score":0.4193000793457031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.3849782943725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3662704825401306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.34373340010643005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.3375738859176636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25448888540267944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1652137041091919}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133237599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2295111","display_name":"Code smell","level":5,"score":0.7848821878433228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101317890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q940053","display_name":"Software maintenance","level":4,"score":0.6496984362602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6151720881462097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160713754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1389965","display_name":"Maintainability","level":2,"score":0.5771681666374207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.5704731941223145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148027188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907375","display_name":"Unit testing","level":3,"score":0.5582256317138672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161821725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917415","display_name":"Regression testing","level":5,"score":0.5345133543014526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5145317912101746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7435765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705776","display_name":"Test Management Approach","level":5,"score":0.4193000793457031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.3849782943725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3662704825401306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.34373340010643005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3375738859176636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25448888540267944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1652137041091919}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsm.2012.6405253","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsm.2012.6405253","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 28th IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance (ICSM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.39UBZ_INST:11259067210001241","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6405253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197018","display_name":"View","issn_l":"2688-268X","issn":["2688-268X","2688-3988"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Proceedings"},{"id":"pmh:oai:unibz.it:11259067210001241","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://bia.unibz.it/esploro/outputs/conferenceProceeding/An-Empirical-Analysis-of-the-Distribution/991006059172401241","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197018","display_name":"View","issn_l":"2688-268X","issn":["2688-268X","2688-3988"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Proceedings"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324133","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41699526","https://openalex.org/W79369379","https://openalex.org/W103650626","https://openalex.org/W1541128807","https://openalex.org/W1660390307","https://openalex.org/W1992602600","https://openalex.org/W2003148182","https://openalex.org/W2005522109","https://openalex.org/W2014309790","https://openalex.org/W2031155987","https://openalex.org/W2037124948","https://openalex.org/W2054805201","https://openalex.org/W2100925270","https://openalex.org/W2108086273","https://openalex.org/W2109220734","https://openalex.org/W2114063681","https://openalex.org/W2128581098","https://openalex.org/W2129808266","https://openalex.org/W2143661621","https://openalex.org/W2153887189","https://openalex.org/W2160182024","https://openalex.org/W2163736745","https://openalex.org/W2164425715","https://openalex.org/W2167066978","https://openalex.org/W2787379525","https://openalex.org/W3143245542","https://openalex.org/W4229687706","https://openalex.org/W4229772528","https://openalex.org/W4240402692","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6601698369","https://openalex.org/W6651166199","https://openalex.org/W6681076054"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285490448","https://openalex.org/W2588043699","https://openalex.org/W2548047013","https://openalex.org/W3028378061","https://openalex.org/W2094328309","https://openalex.org/W2236654242","https://openalex.org/W3183663780","https://openalex.org/W2187965414","https://openalex.org/W4287064272","https://openalex.org/W2949730628"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unit":[0],"testing":[1],"represents":[2],"a":[3,159,208],"key":[4],"activity":[5],"in":[6,47,90,105,153],"software":[7,106,116,137,183,197],"development":[8],"and":[9,24,68,79,141,200,218],"maintenance.":[10,184],"Test":[11,59],"suites":[12,78,217],"with":[13],"high":[14],"internal":[15],"quality":[16],"facilitate":[17],"maintenance":[18],"activities,":[19],"such":[20,40],"as":[21,64],"code":[22,53,88,181],"comprehension":[23,178],"regression":[25],"testing.":[26],"Several":[27],"guidelines":[28],"have":[29,61,207],"been":[30,62,96],"proposed":[31],"to":[32],"help":[33],"developers":[34],"write":[35],"good":[36],"test":[37,52,57,77,101,151,174,190,205,216],"suites.":[38],"Unfortunately,":[39],"rules":[41],"are":[42,192],"not":[43],"always":[44],"followed":[45],"resulting":[46],"the":[48,74,83,113,148,171,177,196,204,213],"presence":[49,70,172],"of":[50,76,115,135,150,173,179,203,215],"bad":[51],"smells":[54,60,89,102,152,175,191,206],"(or":[55],"simply":[56],"smells).":[58],"defined":[63],"poorly":[65],"designed":[66],"tests":[67],"their":[69,110],"may":[71],"negatively":[72],"affect":[73],"maintainability":[75,114],"production":[80,219],"code.":[81,155,220],"Despite":[82],"many":[84],"studies":[85],"that":[86,188],"address":[87],"general,":[91],"until":[92],"now":[93],"there":[94],"has":[95],"no":[97],"empirical":[98,126],"evidence":[99],"regarding":[100],"(i)":[103,189],"distribution":[104,149],"systems":[107,138,198],"nor":[108],"(ii)":[109,201],"impact":[111,211],"on":[112,212],"systems.":[117],"This":[118],"paper":[119],"fills":[120],"this":[121],"gap":[122],"by":[123],"presenting":[124],"two":[125],"studies.":[127],"The":[128,156,185],"first":[129],"study":[130],"is":[131,166],"an":[132],"exploratory":[133],"analysis":[134],"18":[136],"(two":[139],"industrial":[140],"16":[142],"open":[143],"source)":[144],"aimed":[145,167],"at":[146,168],"analyzing":[147,169],"source":[154,180],"second":[157],"study,":[158],"controlled":[160],"experiment":[161],"involving":[162],"twenty":[163],"master":[164],"students,":[165],"whether":[170],"affects":[176],"during":[182],"results":[186],"show":[187],"widely":[193],"spread":[194],"throughout":[195],"studied":[199],"most":[202],"strong":[209],"negative":[210],"comprehensibility":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
