{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3209817931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsipa52582.2021.9576782","title":"Class 1 and Class 2 Underwater Image Enhancement and Restoration Under Turbidity Conditions","display_name":"Class 1 and Class 2 Underwater Image Enhancement and Restoration Under Turbidity Conditions","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3209817931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsipa52582.2021.9576782","mag":"3209817931"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsipa52582.2021.9576782","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsipa52582.2021.9576782","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Signal and Image Processing Applications (ICSIPA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039456473","display_name":"Mat Kamil Awang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6221-4379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55141112","display_name":"National Defence University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00t53pv34","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55141112"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mat Kamil Awang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55141112"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019011374","display_name":"Halimatun Saidah Aminuddin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55141112","display_name":"National Defence University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00t53pv34","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55141112"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Halimatun Saidah Aminuddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55141112"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020331131","display_name":"Nurul Kamilah Mat Kamil","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nurul Kamilah Mat Kamil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040475968","display_name":"Kamarul lAsyikin Mustafa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55141112","display_name":"National Defence University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00t53pv34","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55141112"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamarul lAsyikin Mustafa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55141112"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039456473"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55141112"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1921,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50165033,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-restoration","display_name":"Image restoration","score":0.7472996711730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wiener-filter","display_name":"Wiener filter","score":0.652959406375885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peak-signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Peak signal-to-noise ratio","score":0.554581880569458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5439637899398804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.526436448097229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5049546360969543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.5040503740310669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.48009756207466125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.47502070665359497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visibility","display_name":"Visibility","score":0.4585248529911041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-equalization","display_name":"Histogram equalization","score":0.44299039244651794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4217085838317871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.38060155510902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.35721513628959656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2628723680973053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.18078657984733582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.13218504190444946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.13171818852424622}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106430172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002272","display_name":"Image restoration","level":4,"score":0.7472996711730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18537770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25523","display_name":"Wiener filter","level":2,"score":0.652959406375885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154579607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3373850","display_name":"Peak signal-to-noise ratio","level":3,"score":0.554581880569458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5439637899398804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.526436448097229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5049546360969543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.5040503740310669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.48009756207466125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.47502070665359497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.4585248529911041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136943445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1970240","display_name":"Histogram equalization","level":4,"score":0.44299039244651794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4217085838317871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.38060155510902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.35721513628959656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2628723680973053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18078657984733582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.13218504190444946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.13171818852424622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsipa52582.2021.9576782","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsipa52582.2021.9576782","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Signal and Image Processing Applications (ICSIPA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485259928","https://openalex.org/W1919852443","https://openalex.org/W2406310103","https://openalex.org/W2440817021","https://openalex.org/W2496284459","https://openalex.org/W2526215633","https://openalex.org/W2557234906","https://openalex.org/W2584104501","https://openalex.org/W2587107113","https://openalex.org/W4249332475","https://openalex.org/W6727861941"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2804237704","https://openalex.org/W1995402494","https://openalex.org/W2973107327","https://openalex.org/W2366375867","https://openalex.org/W2079262912","https://openalex.org/W1979147520","https://openalex.org/W2362327276","https://openalex.org/W2068194515","https://openalex.org/W2077716234","https://openalex.org/W2971741894"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Poor":[0],"visibility":[1],"in":[2],"underwater":[3,47],"images":[4,63],"is":[5,58,172,193],"commonly":[6],"attributed":[7],"to":[8,34,60,119,128,156,197],"the":[9,14,84,93,97,116,121,150,159,194],"presence":[10],"of":[11,42,46,188],"impurities":[12],"and":[13,29,68,78,127,145,149,168,201,207],"absorbed":[15],"light":[16],"being":[17],"scattered":[18],"while":[19],"travelling":[20],"through":[21],"impure":[22],"water.":[23,61],"In":[24],"this":[25],"paper,":[26],"image":[27,36,48,76,79,94,141,151,160],"enhancement":[28,77,86,105,167],"restoration":[30,117,146,169],"techniques":[31],"are":[32,69,113,147,154],"applied":[33],"TURBID":[35,39],"datasets.":[37],"The":[38,62],"dataset":[40],"consists":[41],"three":[43],"different":[44],"types":[45],"conditions":[49],"where":[50],"blue":[51],"solution,":[52,54],"milk":[53],"or":[55],"chlorophyll":[56],"solution":[57],"added":[59],"undergo":[64],"Histogram":[65],"equalization":[66],"(HE)":[67],"filtered":[70],"with":[71,134,165,179],"a":[72,186],"Wiener":[73,110,177],"filter":[74,111],"for":[75,190,205],"restoration,":[80],"respectively.":[81],"HE":[82],"as":[83,96,115],"chosen":[85,114],"method":[87,118,184],"proved":[88],"that":[89,158,174],"it":[90],"could":[91],"enhance":[92],"quality":[95],"water":[98],"surface":[99],"can":[100,162],"be":[101,163],"seen":[102],"clearer":[103],"after":[104],"by":[106],"visual":[107],"inspection.":[108],"Three":[109],"classes":[112],"reduce":[120],"Mean":[122],"Square":[123],"Error":[124],"(MSE)":[125],"value":[126,187],"get":[129],"high":[130],"Peak":[131],"Signal-to-Noise-Ratio":[132],"(PSNR)":[133],"desired":[135],"SNR":[136],"value.":[137],"Finally,":[138],"these":[139],"two":[140],"processing":[142],"techniques,":[143],"enhancement,":[144],"combined":[148,166],"quantitative":[152],"values":[153,204],"compared":[155,196],"show":[157],"performance":[161],"improved":[164],"techniques.":[170],"It":[171],"found":[173],"Class":[175],"1":[176],"Filter":[178],"Enhance":[180],"then":[181],"Restore":[182],"(ER)":[183],"has":[185,202],"0":[189],"MSE":[191],"which":[192],"lowest":[195],"other":[198],"studied":[199],"methods":[200],"infinity":[203],"PSNR":[206],"SNR.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
