{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2292519012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsipa.2015.7412183","title":"Comparison of Pulse Active (PA) modulation signal for Electrocardiogram (ECG) authentication","display_name":"Comparison of Pulse Active (PA) modulation signal for Electrocardiogram (ECG) authentication","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2292519012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsipa.2015.7412183","mag":"2292519012"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsipa.2015.7412183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsipa.2015.7412183","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Conference on Signal and Image Processing Applications (ICSIPA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021971394","display_name":"Sairul Izwan Safie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1079-5014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4528857","display_name":"University of Kuala Lumpur","ror":"https://ror.org/026wwrx19","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sairul Safie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Industrial Technology Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Industrial Technology Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068771581","display_name":"N. Mohamed Haris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3590-7783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4528857","display_name":"University of Kuala Lumpur","ror":"https://ror.org/026wwrx19","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nur Haris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Industrial Technology Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Industrial Technology Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081100542","display_name":"Azavitra Zainal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7160-6948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4528857","display_name":"University of Kuala Lumpur","ror":"https://ror.org/026wwrx19","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azavitra Zainal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Industrial Technology Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Industrial Technology Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017455396","display_name":"John J. Soraghan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4418-7391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Soraghan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Excellence in Signal and Image Processing University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Excellence in Signal and Image Processing University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049987982","display_name":"Lykourgos Petropoulakis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lykourgos Petropoulakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Excellence in Signal and Image Processing University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Excellence in Signal and Image Processing University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021971394"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17022929,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"165","last_page":"168"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.6715498566627502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-width-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","score":0.5668832063674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5633198022842407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5347629189491272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.4983854293823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.4298110008239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3535025119781494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.2593342065811157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.24445563554763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18535852432250977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13785359263420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10673168301582336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.06324481964111328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.6715498566627502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.5668832063674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5633198022842407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5347629189491272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.4983854293823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.4298110008239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3535025119781494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.2593342065811157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.24445563554763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18535852432250977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13785359263420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10673168301582336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.06324481964111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsipa.2015.7412183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsipa.2015.7412183","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Conference on Signal and Image Processing Applications (ICSIPA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325659","display_name":"Majlis Amanah Rakyat","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1655694665","https://openalex.org/W1980862844","https://openalex.org/W1999313763","https://openalex.org/W2037986891","https://openalex.org/W2072428623","https://openalex.org/W2098508968","https://openalex.org/W2105449668","https://openalex.org/W2170941890","https://openalex.org/W2535940264","https://openalex.org/W6645474442"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2040398333","https://openalex.org/W2763152318","https://openalex.org/W2187813406","https://openalex.org/W1878742981","https://openalex.org/W2902660993","https://openalex.org/W1501882840","https://openalex.org/W2137992531","https://openalex.org/W3181468185","https://openalex.org/W2370850561","https://openalex.org/W2377378424"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"compares":[2],"the":[3,11,30,50,56,59,79,83,114,118],"authentication":[4,87,128],"performance":[5,88],"between":[6,55],"three":[7,65],"topological":[8],"structures":[9],"of":[10,32,45,67,82,89,120],"Pulse":[12,33],"Active":[13],"(PA)":[14],"technique":[15],"as":[16,78,113],"applied":[17],"to":[18,93],"Electrocardiogram":[19],"(ECG)":[20],"biometrics.":[21],"PA":[22,37,84,107],"is":[23],"a":[24,43,110],"feature":[25,98],"extraction":[26],"method":[27],"derived":[28],"from":[29],"concept":[31],"Width":[34],"Modulation":[35],"(PWM).":[36],"decomposes":[38],"an":[39],"ECG":[40,57],"signal":[41,81,116],"into":[42],"series":[44],"output":[46,95],"pulses":[47,96],"based":[48,127],"on":[49],"linear":[51],"dependency":[52],"constant":[53],"setting":[54],"and":[58,73,97,102,122],"modulated":[60],"signal.":[61],"In":[62,104],"this":[63,105],"work,":[64,106],"types":[66],"periodic":[68,91],"signals":[69,92],"namely":[70],"triangular,":[71],"sinusoidal":[72,121],"cosine":[74,123],"waves":[75,124],"are":[76,100],"assigned":[77],"modulation":[80,115],"topology.":[85],"The":[86],"these":[90],"generate":[94],"vector":[99],"analysed":[101],"compared.":[103],"topology":[108],"using":[109],"triangular":[111],"function":[112],"outperforms":[117],"use":[119],"in":[125],"PA-ECG":[126],"system.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}