{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2063185616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsipa.2013.6708042","title":"Illumination normalization for edge-based face recognition using the fusion of RGB normalization and gamma correction","display_name":"Illumination normalization for edge-based face recognition using the fusion of RGB normalization and gamma correction","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2063185616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsipa.2013.6708042","mag":"2063185616"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsipa.2013.6708042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsipa.2013.6708042","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Signal and Image Processing Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058577434","display_name":"Chollette C. Chude-Olisah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chollette C. Chude-Olisah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia","Fac. of Comput., Univ. Teknol. Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fac. of Comput., Univ. Teknol. Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031136250","display_name":"Ghazali Sulong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghazali Sulong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia","Fac. of Comput., Univ. Teknol. Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fac. of Comput., Univ. Teknol. Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061825540","display_name":"Uche A. K. Chude\u2010Okonkwo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5394-5089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uche A. K. Chude-Okonkwo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Communication Center, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia","Wireless Commun. Center, Univ. Teknol. Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communication Center, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Commun. Center, Univ. Teknol. Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108032935","display_name":"Siti Zaiton Mohd Hashim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-7166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siti Z. M. Hashim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia","Fac. of Comput., Univ. Teknol. Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fac. of Comput., Univ. Teknol. Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058577434"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3608,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83923663,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"412","last_page":"416"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13579","display_name":"Image and Video Stabilization","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.9171346426010132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8427784442901611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gamma-correction","display_name":"Gamma correction","score":0.7868626713752747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7296364307403564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.677118182182312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-equalization","display_name":"Histogram equalization","score":0.6519021391868591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5981336236000061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5948668718338013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.5837440490722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logarithm","display_name":"Logarithm","score":0.5497298240661621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5365844368934631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.42716076970100403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3025725781917572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1652384102344513}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.9171346426010132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8427784442901611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17916492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144257","display_name":"Gamma correction","level":3,"score":0.7868626713752747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7296364307403564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.677118182182312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136943445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1970240","display_name":"Histogram equalization","level":4,"score":0.6519021391868591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5981336236000061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5948668718338013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.5837440490722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39927690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11197","display_name":"Logarithm","level":2,"score":0.5497298240661621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5365844368934631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.42716076970100403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3025725781917572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1652384102344513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsipa.2013.6708042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsipa.2013.6708042","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Signal and Image Processing Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519832292","https://openalex.org/W1547678943","https://openalex.org/W1590915775","https://openalex.org/W1606540526","https://openalex.org/W1973042860","https://openalex.org/W1982511904","https://openalex.org/W1991135461","https://openalex.org/W1996082966","https://openalex.org/W2044270390","https://openalex.org/W2058333183","https://openalex.org/W2095999100","https://openalex.org/W2098951409","https://openalex.org/W2102266831","https://openalex.org/W2102451088","https://openalex.org/W2103274608","https://openalex.org/W2104587129","https://openalex.org/W2105727729","https://openalex.org/W2109486640","https://openalex.org/W2110155250","https://openalex.org/W2118209563","https://openalex.org/W2122585444","https://openalex.org/W2129074579","https://openalex.org/W2150446981","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2155000092","https://openalex.org/W2159173611","https://openalex.org/W3118341179","https://openalex.org/W6632733932","https://openalex.org/W6675506104"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057981026","https://openalex.org/W2256021896","https://openalex.org/W2181573213","https://openalex.org/W2398368608","https://openalex.org/W1990492110","https://openalex.org/W1583737874","https://openalex.org/W2122866860","https://openalex.org/W2024449420","https://openalex.org/W2903465195","https://openalex.org/W2380937280"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,63],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"an":[3],"illumination":[4,16,22,61,84],"normalization":[5,23,34],"technique":[6,24,90],"for":[7,40],"edge-based":[8],"face":[9,12,57],"recognition":[10,93],"on":[11,78],"images":[13,58],"with":[14,83],"non-uniform":[15],"conditions,":[17],"is":[18,74],"proposed.":[19],"The":[20],"proposed":[21,89],"fuses":[25],"the":[26,44,49,54,66,88],"merits":[27],"of":[28,46,53,68],"color":[29,41],"(Red,":[30],"Green":[31],"and":[32,36,104],"Blue)":[33],"(Nrgb)":[35],"gamma":[37,105],"correction":[38,106],"(GC)":[39],"images.":[42],"By":[43],"fusion":[45],"these":[47],"methods":[48],"image":[50],"becomes":[51],"independent":[52],"change":[55],"in":[56,71,95],"due":[59],"to":[60,97],"direction.":[62],"that":[64,87],"way,":[65],"presence":[67],"false":[69],"edges":[70],"gradient":[72],"faces":[73],"reduced.":[75],"Experimental":[76],"results":[77],"Georgia":[79],"Tech":[80],"Face":[81],"database":[82],"problem":[85],"shows":[86],"improved":[91],"significantly":[92],"accuracy":[94],"comparison":[96],"histogram":[98],"equalization":[99],"(HE),":[100],"logarithm":[101],"transform":[102],"(LT)":[103],"(GC).":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}