{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1971982645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsipa.2011.6144096","title":"Automatic inspection system for billet","display_name":"Automatic inspection system for billet","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1971982645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsipa.2011.6144096","mag":"1971982645"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsipa.2011.6144096","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsipa.2011.6144096","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Signal and Image Processing Applications (ICSIPA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039845879","display_name":"Bo-I Chuang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo-I Chuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University No.1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan, Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University No.1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan, Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109690793","display_name":"W. C. Hsu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Cheng Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University No.1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan, Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University No.1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan, Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075724018","display_name":"Chung-Mei Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I930026050","display_name":"China Steel (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02djppw35","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I930026050"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chung-Mei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Automation and Instrumentation System Development Section, China Steel Corporation, Hsiao Kang, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","Automation and Instrumentation System Development Section, China Steel Corporation No.1, Chung Kang Road, Hsiao Kang, Kaohsiung 81233, Taiwan, Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automation and Instrumentation System Development Section, China Steel Corporation, Hsiao Kang, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I930026050"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automation and Instrumentation System Development Section, China Steel Corporation No.1, Chung Kang Road, Hsiao Kang, Kaohsiung 81233, Taiwan, Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I930026050"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060736308","display_name":"Chiou-Yi Hor","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I930026050","display_name":"China Steel (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02djppw35","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I930026050"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chiou-Yi Hor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Automation and Instrumentation System Development Section, China Steel Corporation, Hsiao Kang, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","Automation and Instrumentation System Development Section, China Steel Corporation No.1, Chung Kang Road, Hsiao Kang, Kaohsiung 81233, Taiwan, Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automation and Instrumentation System Development Section, China Steel Corporation, Hsiao Kang, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I930026050"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automation and Instrumentation System Development Section, China Steel Corporation No.1, Chung Kang Road, Hsiao Kang, Kaohsiung 81233, Taiwan, Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I930026050"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101831891","display_name":"Yung\u2010Nien Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7644-8512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yung-Nien Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University No.1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan, Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University No.1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan, Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09059656,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"58","last_page":"62"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.7782056927680969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.73215651512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.727110743522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6478497982025146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6005228757858276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-nearest-neighbors-algorithm","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","score":0.49869704246520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.4147956073284149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3303009867668152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3297484517097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3296947479248047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.7782056927680969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.73215651512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.727110743522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6478497982025146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6005228757858276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113238511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071612","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","level":2,"score":0.49869704246520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.4147956073284149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3303009867668152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3297484517097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3296947479248047}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsipa.2011.6144096","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsipa.2011.6144096","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Signal and Image Processing Applications (ICSIPA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328207","display_name":"China Steel Corporation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1533618852","https://openalex.org/W1990368529","https://openalex.org/W1997903011","https://openalex.org/W2002011878","https://openalex.org/W2003454866","https://openalex.org/W2026445526","https://openalex.org/W2074234119","https://openalex.org/W2103753221","https://openalex.org/W2104670598","https://openalex.org/W2113076747","https://openalex.org/W2122111042","https://openalex.org/W2124776405","https://openalex.org/W2164620221","https://openalex.org/W2799061466","https://openalex.org/W2913066018","https://openalex.org/W3099514962","https://openalex.org/W4205687621","https://openalex.org/W4246598646","https://openalex.org/W4250857377","https://openalex.org/W4252521233","https://openalex.org/W4256068510","https://openalex.org/W6678851513"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2785302227","https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W2380784125","https://openalex.org/W2914806737","https://openalex.org/W2889085215","https://openalex.org/W3004057759","https://openalex.org/W2046803187","https://openalex.org/W4224009465","https://openalex.org/W1968695676","https://openalex.org/W203536286"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,13,52,86,107],"billet":[1,6],"production,":[2],"the":[3,53,56,66,87,100,108,123,129,142,145],"quality":[4],"of":[5,34,58,68,80,103],"is":[7,32,60,119,148],"an":[8,18],"important":[9],"issue":[10],"to":[11,22,64,76,98,121],"assure.":[12],"this":[14],"study,":[15],"we":[16],"proposed":[17,30,130],"automatic":[19],"inspection":[20],"system":[21,31,131],"locate":[23],"and":[24,40,46,62,93,138,154],"classify":[25,122],"defects":[26,81],"for":[27,105],"billet.":[28],"The":[29],"consisted":[33],"three":[35],"modules:":[36],"(1)":[37],"image":[38],"processing":[39],"defect":[41,133],"location,":[42],"(2)":[43],"feature":[44],"extraction":[45],"selection,":[47],"(3)":[48],"incremental":[49,114],"learning":[50,115],"classifier.":[51],"first":[54],"module,":[55,89,110],"region":[57],"interest":[59],"extracted":[61],"normalized":[63],"reduce":[65],"effects":[67],"uneven":[69],"illumination.":[70],"We":[71],"then":[72],"develop":[73],"two":[74],"methods":[75],"detect":[77],"different":[78],"types":[79],"based":[82],"on":[83],"their":[84],"characteristics.":[85],"second":[88],"k-nearest":[90],"neighbor":[91],"classifier":[92,112,147],"tabu":[94],"search":[95],"are":[96],"employed":[97],"select":[99],"best":[101],"set":[102],"features":[104],"classification.":[106],"last":[109],"a":[111],"with":[113,135,141],"capability":[116],"called":[117],"Learn++":[118,146],"used":[120],"detected":[124],"defects.":[125],"Experiments":[126],"show":[127],"that":[128],"provides":[132],"detection":[134],"good":[136],"accuracy":[137],"speed.":[139],"Comparing":[140],"conventional":[143],"BPN,":[144],"much":[149],"more":[150],"efficient":[151],"in":[152],"training":[153],"obtains":[155],"better":[156],"classification":[157],"rates.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
