{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388104314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icset59111.2023.10295100","title":"Bot or Human? Detection of DeepFake Text with Semantic, Emoji, Sentiment and Linguistic Features","display_name":"Bot or Human? Detection of DeepFake Text with Semantic, Emoji, Sentiment and Linguistic Features","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388104314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icset59111.2023.10295100"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icset59111.2023.10295100","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icset59111.2023.10295100","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 13th International Conference on System Engineering and Technology (ICSET)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111065605","display_name":"Alicia Tsui Ying Chong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84339108","display_name":"Sunway University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mjt7f73","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84339108"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alicia Tsui Ying Chong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sunway University,Department of Computing and Information Systems,Sunway City,Selangor,Malaysia","Department of Computing and Information Systems, Sunway University, Sunway City, Selangor, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sunway University,Department of Computing and Information Systems,Sunway City,Selangor,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84339108"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Information Systems, Sunway University, Sunway City, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84339108"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042896398","display_name":"Hui Na Chua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9792-1292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84339108","display_name":"Sunway University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mjt7f73","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84339108"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Na Chua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sunway University,Department of Computing and Information Systems,Sunway City,Selangor,Malaysia","Department of Computing and Information Systems, Sunway University, Sunway City, Selangor, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sunway University,Department of Computing and Information Systems,Sunway City,Selangor,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84339108"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Information Systems, Sunway University, Sunway City, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84339108"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048174707","display_name":"Muhammed Basheer Jasser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5292-465X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84339108","display_name":"Sunway University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mjt7f73","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84339108"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammed Basheer Jasser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sunway University,Department of Computing and Information Systems,Sunway City,Selangor,Malaysia","Department of Computing and Information Systems, Sunway University, Sunway City, Selangor, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sunway University,Department of Computing and Information Systems,Sunway City,Selangor,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84339108"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Information Systems, Sunway University, Sunway City, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84339108"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013462633","display_name":"Richard T.K. Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4480-5076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84339108","display_name":"Sunway University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mjt7f73","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84339108"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard T.K. Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sunway University,Department of Computing and Information Systems,Sunway City,Selangor,Malaysia","Department of Computing and Information Systems, Sunway University, Sunway City, Selangor, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sunway University,Department of Computing and Information Systems,Sunway City,Selangor,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84339108"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Information Systems, Sunway University, Sunway City, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84339108"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111065605"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84339108"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2183,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95457127,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"205","last_page":"210"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emoji","display_name":"Emoji","score":0.9387704133987427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7883399724960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6868205070495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.642245352268219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentiment-analysis","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","score":0.4390667974948883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.34341269731521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.13675689697265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.11676681041717529}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779247141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049294","display_name":"Emoji","level":3,"score":0.9387704133987427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7883399724960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6868205070495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.642245352268219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66402592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271421","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","level":2,"score":0.4390667974948883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.34341269731521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.13675689697265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.11676681041717529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icset59111.2023.10295100","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icset59111.2023.10295100","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 13th International Conference on System Engineering and Technology (ICSET)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1837843568","https://openalex.org/W2582561810","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2963096510","https://openalex.org/W2963291843","https://openalex.org/W2965373594","https://openalex.org/W2969958763","https://openalex.org/W3046357466","https://openalex.org/W3106914636","https://openalex.org/W3116492894","https://openalex.org/W3125182500","https://openalex.org/W3139815689","https://openalex.org/W3201565887","https://openalex.org/W3208994109","https://openalex.org/W3216259475","https://openalex.org/W4206070471","https://openalex.org/W4240802145","https://openalex.org/W4289253852","https://openalex.org/W4292779060","https://openalex.org/W4299567010","https://openalex.org/W4327810158","https://openalex.org/W4383751019","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4386474978","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6766673545","https://openalex.org/W6767101625","https://openalex.org/W6778883912","https://openalex.org/W6846307770","https://openalex.org/W6981038090"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389567774","https://openalex.org/W4366957678","https://openalex.org/W4285115135","https://openalex.org/W2985411437","https://openalex.org/W2510851569","https://openalex.org/W3207908059","https://openalex.org/W2797785016","https://openalex.org/W2963370879","https://openalex.org/W4385386330","https://openalex.org/W3204019825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Detecting":[0],"machine-generated":[1],"text":[2,49,86,159,178,197],"(MGT),":[3],"also":[4],"known":[5],"as":[6,88],"Deepfake":[7,196],"text,":[8],"has":[9,54],"become":[10],"increasingly":[11],"important":[12],"in":[13,149,191],"Artificial":[14],"Intelligence":[15],"(AI)":[16],"age":[17],"and":[18,27,47,64,68,98,122,158],"social":[19],"media":[20],"platforms.":[21],"With":[22],"the":[23,28,59,80,110,131,165,193],"proliferation":[24],"of":[25,31,135,142,167,195],"MGT":[26,46,63,77,143,168],"potential":[29],"consequences":[30],"its":[32,89],"dissemination,":[33],"there":[34],"is":[35],"a":[36,72,126,172,187],"pressing":[37],"need":[38],"to":[39,57,70,113,145,164],"develop":[40,71],"effective":[41],"methods":[42],"for":[43,76],"distinguishing":[44],"between":[45,62],"human-written":[48],"(HWT).":[50],"Our":[51,101,137,161],"research":[52,162],"aim":[53],"two-fold:":[55],"firstly,":[56],"examine":[58],"inherent":[60],"differences":[61,148],"HWT":[65],"on":[66,79],"Twitter,":[67],"secondly,":[69],"classifier":[73,83,129],"specifically":[74],"designed":[75],"detection":[78,169],"platform.":[81],"This":[82],"utilizes":[84],"contextualized":[85],"embeddings":[87,119,179],"foundation":[90],"while":[91],"considering":[92],"additional":[93,107],"linguistic":[94,123,152],"features,":[95,97],"sentiment":[96,156],"emoji":[99,121],"embeddings.":[100],"experimental":[102],"results":[103],"demonstrate":[104],"that":[105,175],"incorporating":[106],"features":[108,124],"enhances":[109],"model's":[111],"ability":[112],"detect":[114],"MGT.":[115],"Combining":[116],"fine-tuned":[117],"BERT":[118],"with":[120,180],"using":[125],"multi-layer":[127],"perceptron":[128],"achieves":[130],"highest":[132],"accuracy":[133],"rate":[134],"88.3%.":[136],"analysis":[138],"reveals":[139],"distinct":[140],"characteristics":[141],"compared":[144],"HWT,":[146],"including":[147],"engagement":[150],"behavior,":[151],"patterns,":[153],"named":[154],"entities,":[155],"expressions,":[157],"perplexity.":[160],"contributes":[163],"field":[166],"by":[170],"offering":[171],"comprehensive":[173],"approach":[174],"combines":[176],"semantic":[177],"supplementary":[181],"features.":[182],"The":[183],"proposed":[184],"model":[185],"provides":[186],"significant":[188],"step":[189],"forward":[190],"addressing":[192],"challenge":[194],"detection.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
