{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4316924425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icset57543.2022.10011131","title":"Online Learning Facial Expression Detection using Simplified AlexNet Deep Learning Architecture: Image Data Samples Comparison Experiment","display_name":"Online Learning Facial Expression Detection using Simplified AlexNet Deep Learning Architecture: Image Data Samples Comparison Experiment","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4316924425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icset57543.2022.10011131"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icset57543.2022.10011131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icset57543.2022.10011131","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 12th International Conference on System Engineering and Technology (ICSET)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021436460","display_name":"Andhika Rahadian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134635517","display_name":"Bandung Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00apj8t60","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134635517"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andhika Rahadian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Bandung Institute of Technology,Bandung,Indonesia","School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Bandung Institute of Technology,Bandung,Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134635517"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134635517"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077480399","display_name":"Rahadian Yusuf","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134635517","display_name":"Bandung Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00apj8t60","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134635517"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahadian Yusuf","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Bandung Institute of Technology,Bandung,Indonesia","School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Bandung Institute of Technology,Bandung,Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134635517"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134635517"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021436460"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134635517"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.555,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70207224,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"83","last_page":"88"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7964671850204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.6568431258201599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6141937971115112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.5711245536804199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5524762868881226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-learning","display_name":"Online learning","score":0.5057241916656494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4898054301738739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interactivity","display_name":"Interactivity","score":0.47362440824508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40897136926651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3951360285282135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.2552648186683655}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7964671850204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.6568431258201599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6141937971115112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.5711245536804199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5524762868881226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986087404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15946010","display_name":"Online learning","level":2,"score":0.5057241916656494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4898054301738739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144430266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839721","display_name":"Interactivity","level":2,"score":0.47362440824508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40897136926651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3951360285282135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.2552648186683655}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icset57543.2022.10011131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icset57543.2022.10011131","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 12th International Conference on System Engineering and Technology (ICSET)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538238446","https://openalex.org/W2072035149","https://openalex.org/W2318388271","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2963409517","https://openalex.org/W3118234491","https://openalex.org/W3127612201","https://openalex.org/W3153194030","https://openalex.org/W6794805898"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001821990","https://openalex.org/W2319020389","https://openalex.org/W2272707781","https://openalex.org/W2747851897","https://openalex.org/W1975913006","https://openalex.org/W1513662110","https://openalex.org/W2063506784","https://openalex.org/W4240086805","https://openalex.org/W2521348551","https://openalex.org/W2013411520"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Online":[0],"learning":[1,36,71,97,107],"is":[2,37,173,210],"one":[3],"of":[4,29,127,159,179,191,207],"the":[5,27,47,95,125,130,145,150,183,215],"methods":[6,136],"for":[7,68,94,109,144],"students":[8,54],"to":[9,25,91,213],"interact":[10],"with":[11,86,118,175],"their":[12],"teachers.":[13],"However,":[14],"interactivity":[15],"aspects":[16],"in":[17,34,56,129,196],"online":[18,35,57,70],"education":[19],"should":[20],"be":[21,92],"evaluated.":[22],"The":[23],"method":[24],"automate":[26],"detection":[28],"students'":[30],"enthusiasm":[31],"when":[32,53],"participating":[33],"still":[38],"not":[39,222],"much":[40],"found.":[41],"In":[42],"this":[43],"paper,":[44],"we":[45,203],"define":[46],"facial":[48,89],"expressions":[49,90],"that":[50,114,218],"could":[51],"show":[52],"participate":[55],"learning:":[58],"bored,":[59],"confused,":[60],"and":[61,124,140,166,194],"excited/delighted.":[62],"We":[63,74,99,147],"built":[64],"a":[65,76,105,110,154,205],"classifier":[66],"system":[67],"these":[69,87,176],"face":[72,84],"expressions.":[73],"collected":[75],"small":[77,112],"dataset":[78],"(for":[79],"around":[80],"480":[81],"images)":[82],"containing":[83],"images":[85],"three":[88,177],"trained":[93,174],"deep":[96,106],"model.":[98],"proposed":[100,171,225],"simplified":[101],"AlexNet":[102,116],"architecture":[103,117],"as":[104,122,138],"model":[108,151,172,184],"relatively":[111],"dataset,":[113],"is,":[115],"lower":[119],"parameters":[120],"(such":[121],"filters":[123],"number":[126,158],"neurons":[128],"fully":[131],"connected":[132],"layer).":[133],"Image":[134],"preprocessing":[135],"such":[137],"resizing":[139],"augmentation":[141],"are":[142],"applied":[143],"experiment.":[146],"also":[148],"compare":[149],"performance,":[152],"given":[153],"distinct":[155],"(three":[156],"kinds)":[157],"training":[160,180,219],"data":[161],"(480":[162],"samples,":[163,165],"1,500":[164],"3,000":[167],"samples).":[168],"When":[169],"our":[170,224],"kinds":[178],"samples":[181,220],"amount,":[182],"performance":[185],"consecutively":[186],"has":[187],"an":[188],"average":[189],"accuracy":[190],"78.69%,":[192],"84.53%,":[193],"90.80%":[195],"5-Fold":[197],"Cross":[198],"Validation.":[199],"Using":[200],"ANOVA":[201],"Test,":[202],"get":[204],"p-value":[206],"0.00073,":[208],"which":[209],"statistically":[211],"significant":[212],"reject":[214],"null":[216],"hypothesis":[217],"do":[221],"affect":[223],"model's":[226],"accuracy.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
