{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3215665561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icset53708.2021.9612536","title":"Facial Expression Recognition Using Aggregated Handcrafted Descriptors based Appearance Method","display_name":"Facial Expression Recognition Using Aggregated Handcrafted Descriptors based Appearance Method","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3215665561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icset53708.2021.9612536","mag":"3215665561"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icset53708.2021.9612536","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icset53708.2021.9612536","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 11th International Conference on System Engineering and Technology (ICSET)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087286412","display_name":"Dheyaa Ahmed Ibrahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7357-0045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133452077","display_name":"Imam Sadiq University","ror":"https://ror.org/02mkkqv65","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133452077"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401041618","display_name":"Imam Ja\u2019afar Al-Sadiq University","ror":"https://ror.org/02477a553","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401041618"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dheyaa Ahmed Ibrahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology Collage, Imam Ja\u2018afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq","Information Technology Collage, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Collage, Imam Ja\u2018afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133452077"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Collage, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401041618"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050243112","display_name":"Dilovan Asaad Zebari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7643-6359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146391","display_name":"Nawroz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gp75d48","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146391"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dilovan Asaad Zebari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nawroz University, Duhok, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nawroz University, Duhok, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060666138","display_name":"Falah Y. H. Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2094-4028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336834208","display_name":"Management and Science University","ror":"https://ror.org/027zr9y17","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336834208"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45998257","display_name":"Sohar University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ftvf862","country_code":"OM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45998257"]}],"countries":["MY","OM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Falah Y. H. Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing and IT, Sohar University, Sohar, Oman","Faculty of Information Sciences & Engineering, Management & Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing and IT, Sohar University, Sohar, Oman","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45998257"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Sciences & Engineering, Management & Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336834208"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057621416","display_name":"Diyar Qader Zeebaree","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5272-8181"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124331","display_name":"Duhok Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/024kjbt21","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124331"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diyar Qader Zeebaree","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center of Duhok Polytechnic University, Duhok, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Duhok Polytechnic University, Duhok, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124331"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":null,"first_page":"177","last_page":"182"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9625999927520752,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-binary-patterns","display_name":"Local binary patterns","score":0.8345175981521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7722588777542114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7567270994186401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.7509876489639282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7365686893463135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.7169055938720703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-of-oriented-gradients","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","score":0.6733892560005188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.5596818327903748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5469555854797363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression-recognition","display_name":"Facial expression recognition","score":0.5443366169929504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4785764515399933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.35875511169433594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3399716317653656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.21312612295150757}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87335442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2494345","display_name":"Local binary patterns","level":4,"score":0.8345175981521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7722588777542114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7567270994186401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7509876489639282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7365686893463135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.7169055938720703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17426736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419918","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","level":4,"score":0.6733892560005188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.5596818327903748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5469555854797363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987714656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185804","display_name":"Facial expression recognition","level":4,"score":0.5443366169929504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4785764515399933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.35875511169433594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3399716317653656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.21312612295150757}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icset53708.2021.9612536","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icset53708.2021.9612536","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 11th International Conference on System Engineering and Technology (ICSET)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W875809763","https://openalex.org/W2805923813","https://openalex.org/W2885028107","https://openalex.org/W2891191887","https://openalex.org/W2899092732","https://openalex.org/W2916197620","https://openalex.org/W2937142786","https://openalex.org/W2939791206","https://openalex.org/W2946885733","https://openalex.org/W2960122749","https://openalex.org/W2964347177","https://openalex.org/W2969053199","https://openalex.org/W2972001516","https://openalex.org/W2999025027","https://openalex.org/W3033191326","https://openalex.org/W3097427031","https://openalex.org/W3120128936","https://openalex.org/W3135930061","https://openalex.org/W3153534428","https://openalex.org/W3160063778","https://openalex.org/W3160465343","https://openalex.org/W3167741216","https://openalex.org/W3168926226"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3211626993","https://openalex.org/W4224879220","https://openalex.org/W2046724945","https://openalex.org/W1999808563","https://openalex.org/W2492432316","https://openalex.org/W2999130902","https://openalex.org/W4281681299","https://openalex.org/W2507467930","https://openalex.org/W4205986151","https://openalex.org/W2904398182"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"have":[1],"been":[2,124],"quite":[3],"a":[4,18,65,71,126],"few":[5],"studies":[6],"on":[7,34,74],"facial":[8,44,161],"expression":[9,28],"recognition":[10],"over":[11],"the":[12,23,35,57,75,92,152],"years,":[13],"and":[14,42,85,114,157],"it":[15],"is":[16,155],"still":[17],"challenging":[19],"subject":[20],"due":[21],"to":[22,39,46,63,97,103,128],"significant":[24,106],"inter-class":[25],"variability.":[26],"Facial":[27,144],"research":[29],"in":[30,159],"this":[31],"field":[32],"focuses":[33],"development":[36],"of":[37,54,81],"techniques":[38],"identify,":[40],"code,":[41],"extract":[43,104],"expressions":[45],"improve":[47],"prediction":[48],"by":[49],"computer.":[50],"With":[51],"great":[52],"success":[53],"machine":[55],"learning,":[56],"various":[58],"texture":[59],"descriptors":[60,79],"are":[61],"exploited":[62],"obtain":[64],"better":[66],"performance.":[67],"This":[68],"paper":[69],"proposes":[70],"method":[72,140,154],"based":[73],"aggregation":[76],"between":[77],"different":[78],"Histogram":[80],"oriented":[82],"Gradient":[83],"(HOG)":[84],"Local":[86],"Binary":[87],"Pattern":[88],"(LBP).":[89],"First":[90],"stage":[91],"input":[93],"image":[94],"has":[95,112,123],"pre-processed":[96],"detect":[98],"dace":[99],"area":[100],"which":[101],"helps":[102],"most":[105],"features.":[107,117,136],"Then,":[108],"Diagonal-HOG":[109],"(D-HOG)":[110],"also":[111],"extracted":[113],"aggregated":[115,135],"all":[116],"Finally,":[118],"Support":[119],"Vector":[120],"Machine":[121],"(SVM)":[122],"used":[125],"classifier":[127],"classify":[129],"each":[130],"feature":[131],"as":[132,134],"well":[133],"We":[137],"evaluate":[138],"our":[139],"using":[141],"Japanese":[142],"Female":[143],"Expressions":[145],"database":[146],"(JAFFE),":[147],"experimental":[148],"results":[149],"showed":[150],"that":[151],"proposed":[153],"accurate":[156],"efficient":[158],"recognizing":[160],"expressions.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}