{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4233536547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsenst.2015.7438450","title":"Time Domain Reflectometer for measuring liquid waste levels in a septic system","display_name":"Time Domain Reflectometer for measuring liquid waste levels in a septic system","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4233536547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsenst.2015.7438450"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsenst.2015.7438450","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsenst.2015.7438450","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 9th International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014273083","display_name":"Shreya Reddy Mamidi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102502594","display_name":"Northern Illinois University","ror":"https://ror.org/012wxa772","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shreya Reddy Mamidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109885722","display_name":"Michael J. Haji-Sheikh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102502594","display_name":"Northern Illinois University","ror":"https://ror.org/012wxa772","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Haji-Sheikh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030385837","display_name":"Martin Kocanda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102502594","display_name":"Northern Illinois University","ror":"https://ror.org/012wxa772","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Kocanda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014608706","display_name":"D.S. Zinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1453-5274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102502594","display_name":"Northern Illinois University","ror":"https://ror.org/012wxa772","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donald Zinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078951836","display_name":"Mansour Taherinezahdi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102502594","display_name":"Northern Illinois University","ror":"https://ror.org/012wxa772","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mansour Taherinezahdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Dean of Engineering Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Dean of Engineering Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014273083"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.34221849,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"502","last_page":"507"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11757","display_name":"Seismic Waves and Analysis","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-domain","display_name":"Time domain","score":0.6611887216567993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.5751215219497681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.5648069977760315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.48889079689979553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.43432915210723877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.42778605222702026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-of-measurement","display_name":"System of measurement","score":0.42670369148254395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-time-domain-reflectometer","display_name":"Optical time-domain reflectometer","score":0.4263020157814026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.4104599356651306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.40699732303619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1671486794948578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.14832094311714172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.11141517758369446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.08094975352287292}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.6611887216567993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5751215219497681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.5648069977760315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.48889079689979553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.43432915210723877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.42778605222702026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37649242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932268","display_name":"System of measurement","level":2,"score":0.42670369148254395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187327482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580729","display_name":"Optical time-domain reflectometer","level":5,"score":0.4263020157814026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.4104599356651306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.40699732303619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1671486794948578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14832094311714172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.11141517758369446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.08094975352287292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21651689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397427","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113102252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591869","display_name":"Graded-index fiber","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsenst.2015.7438450","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsenst.2015.7438450","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 9th International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986322936","https://openalex.org/W2028794894","https://openalex.org/W2037744170"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2494806453","https://openalex.org/W3096721697","https://openalex.org/W20907793","https://openalex.org/W2528148268","https://openalex.org/W3090512941","https://openalex.org/W2394323198","https://openalex.org/W4221142277","https://openalex.org/W2150288630","https://openalex.org/W2144851398","https://openalex.org/W2121004919"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"Time":[1],"Domain":[2],"Reflectometer":[3],"(TDR)":[4],"level":[5],"measurement":[6,17],"device":[7],"capable":[8,98],"of":[9,18,31,73,83,99,152,160],"generating":[10],"and":[11,37,59,107,140,165],"receiving":[12],"electromagnetic":[13],"waves":[14],"for":[15],"the":[16,29,48,53,57,65,68,71,81,86,115,122,133,137,150,153,156,161,166,173],"waste":[19,32],"water":[20,33,84],"is":[21,26,45,76,90,97,142,169],"presented.":[22],"The":[23,43,88,128,158],"primary":[24],"objective":[25],"to":[27,63,70,79,135,139],"measure":[28],"height":[30,82,151],"in":[34,51,85,125,145,148,155,172],"a":[35,93,126],"tank":[36],"design":[38],"an":[39],"efficient":[40],"measuring":[41],"device.":[42],"TDR":[44,89,163],"based":[46],"on":[47],"reflection":[49],"mechanism,":[50],"which":[52,75,96,144],"time":[54,130],"delay":[55],"between":[56],"transmitted":[58,120],"reflected":[60],"signals":[61,102,118],"helps":[62,147],"determine":[64],"distance":[66],"from":[67,141],"source":[69],"surface":[72],"water,":[74],"later":[77],"used":[78],"calculate":[80],"tank.":[87,127,157],"built":[91],"using":[92],"74AC14":[94],"IC,":[95],"producing":[100],"pulse":[101,117,134],"with":[103],"very":[104],"low":[105],"rising":[106],"falling":[108],"times":[109],"that":[110],"provide":[111],"greater":[112],"accuracy.":[113],"Thus,":[114],"generated":[116],"are":[119],"into":[121],"probe":[123,168],"inserted":[124],"total":[129],"taken":[131],"by":[132],"travel":[136],"path":[138],"calculated,":[143],"return":[146],"calculating":[149],"liquid":[154],"functioning":[159],"proposed":[162],"circuit":[164],"biaxial":[167],"also":[170],"tested":[171],"laboratory.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}