{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2781508974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2017.8234011","title":"CMOS current attenuator for electrochemical sensing applications","display_name":"CMOS current attenuator for electrochemical sensing applications","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2781508974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2017.8234011","mag":"2781508974"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsens.2017.8234011","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2017.8234011","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE SENSORS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102296797","display_name":"Chandrasekaran Gunasekaran","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087927","display_name":"National Microelectronics Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/003ck6433","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087927"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chandrasekaran Gunasekaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087927","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051532011","display_name":"Ian Underwood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7934-2892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087927","display_name":"National Microelectronics Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/003ck6433","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087927"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Underwood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087927","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056608443","display_name":"A.J. Walton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8110-2230"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087927","display_name":"National Microelectronics Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/003ck6433","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087927"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony J. Walton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087927","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029611009","display_name":"Andrew R. Mount","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1237-8206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew R Mount","raw_affiliation_strings":["EaStCHEM, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EaStCHEM, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2625,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57978674,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12564","display_name":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.8206117153167725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuator","display_name":"Attenuator (electronics)","score":0.8159122467041016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linearity","display_name":"Linearity","score":0.5809040069580078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.551648736000061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.5115876793861389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current","display_name":"Current (fluid)","score":0.49495452642440796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4771520495414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.4608153700828552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-range","display_name":"Dynamic range","score":0.4153267443180084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wide-dynamic-range","display_name":"Wide dynamic range","score":0.4125676155090332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.4029800295829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3717939257621765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation","display_name":"Attenuation","score":0.3045211732387543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2585808038711548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2368234097957611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17888623476028442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.07148462533950806}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.8206117153167725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174847166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1269728","display_name":"Attenuator (electronics)","level":3,"score":0.8159122467041016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77170095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753188","display_name":"Linearity","level":2,"score":0.5809040069580078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.551648736000061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.5115876793861389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.49495452642440796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4771520495414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4608153700828552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87133666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161699","display_name":"Dynamic range","level":2,"score":0.4153267443180084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776179129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7998640","display_name":"Wide dynamic range","level":2,"score":0.4125676155090332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4029800295829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3717939257621765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.3045211732387543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2585808038711548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2368234097957611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17888623476028442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.07148462533950806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsens.2017.8234011","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2017.8234011","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE SENSORS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/237b1599-aa2a-4a56-bbe2-564cc2e5bf5c","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11820/237b1599-aa2a-4a56-bbe2-564cc2e5bf5c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6850678225","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/K034510/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509881894","https://openalex.org/W1757255038","https://openalex.org/W2080001914","https://openalex.org/W2121842099","https://openalex.org/W2121958286","https://openalex.org/W2163683752"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2017518889","https://openalex.org/W4385733096","https://openalex.org/W2062258008","https://openalex.org/W4280522623","https://openalex.org/W2088945784","https://openalex.org/W2131925519","https://openalex.org/W4387487154","https://openalex.org/W2789062182","https://openalex.org/W2052614187","https://openalex.org/W2566507802"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"new":[1],"CMOS":[2,24,42],"current":[3,20,50,59,73,79],"attenuator":[4],"circuit":[5,14,33],"is":[6,15],"designed":[7],"and":[8],"demonstrated.":[9],"The":[10,32],"purpose":[11],"of":[12,61,80],"this":[13],"to":[16,55],"attenuate":[17],"steady":[18],"state":[19],"in":[21,37],"conjunction":[22],"with":[23],"ADC":[25],"readout":[26],"circuits":[27],"for":[28],"electrochemical":[29],"sensing":[30],"applications.":[31],"has":[34],"been":[35],"fabricated":[36],"a":[38],"5":[39],"V":[40],"AMS":[41],"process.":[43],"Salient":[44],"features":[45],"include:":[46],"(1)":[47],"bi-directional":[48],"input":[49,72],"range":[51],"from":[52],"25":[53],"nA":[54],"300":[56],"nA;":[57],"(2)":[58],"attenuation":[60],"55":[62],"dB;":[63],"(3)":[64],"non-linearity":[65],"around":[66,81,87],"2":[67],"%":[68],"over":[69],"the":[70],"entire":[71],"range;":[74],"(4)":[75],"output":[76],"DC":[77],"offset":[78],"200":[82],"pA;":[83],"(5)":[84],"power":[85],"consumption":[86],"0.35":[88],"mW.":[89]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}