{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2578436471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2016.7808820","title":"Self-powered CMOS active rectifier suitable for low-voltage mechanical energy harvesters","display_name":"Self-powered CMOS active rectifier suitable for low-voltage mechanical energy harvesters","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2578436471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2016.7808820","mag":"2578436471"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsens.2016.7808820","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2016.7808820","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE SENSORS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065874386","display_name":"A. Sayed Herbawi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3113-1324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Sayed Herbawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006346923","display_name":"F. Velarde","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Velarde","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041040505","display_name":"Oliver Paul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2371-7448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O. Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031939276","display_name":"T. Galchev","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Galchev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065874386"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18023953,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11230","display_name":"Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11230","display_name":"Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rectifier","display_name":"Rectifier (neural networks)","score":0.8258820176124573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.7167702913284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diode","display_name":"Diode","score":0.6500610113143921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.6475152969360352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.6353328824043274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.5581435561180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparator","display_name":"Comparator","score":0.5345010161399841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-rectifier","display_name":"Precision rectifier","score":0.5318989753723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4884845018386841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-voltage","display_name":"Low voltage","score":0.4205603301525116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3775254487991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.36531317234039307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3394821882247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3381460905075073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.290030300617218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-factor","display_name":"Power factor","score":0.23035794496536255}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50100734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7303176","display_name":"Rectifier (neural networks)","level":5,"score":0.8258820176124573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.7167702913284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.6500610113143921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.6475152969360352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.6353328824043274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.5581435561180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155745195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1164179","display_name":"Comparator","level":3,"score":0.5345010161399841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46871319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q943122","display_name":"Precision rectifier","level":4,"score":0.5318989753723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4884845018386841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128624480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504817","display_name":"Low voltage","level":3,"score":0.4205603301525116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3775254487991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.36531317234039307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3394821882247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3381460905075073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.290030300617218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64424096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750454","display_name":"Power factor","level":3,"score":0.23035794496536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86582703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617824","display_name":"Stochastic neural network","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsens.2016.7808820","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2016.7808820","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE SENSORS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2043341182","https://openalex.org/W2099961147","https://openalex.org/W2102083806","https://openalex.org/W2111271808","https://openalex.org/W2121090523","https://openalex.org/W2128446559","https://openalex.org/W2136636478","https://openalex.org/W2158037683","https://openalex.org/W2165039961","https://openalex.org/W4231501498","https://openalex.org/W6661086305","https://openalex.org/W6676953353"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4381828185","https://openalex.org/W2007591794","https://openalex.org/W1586334661","https://openalex.org/W2031198338","https://openalex.org/W4280606833","https://openalex.org/W2603069209","https://openalex.org/W4248733723","https://openalex.org/W2791465543","https://openalex.org/W2533672494","https://openalex.org/W2384831121"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,49,52,84,97,123,135],"design,":[4],"fabrication,":[5],"and":[6,31,39,55,74],"testing":[7],"of":[8,51,86,99,108,118,125,134],"a":[9,25,36,65,103,116],"self-powered":[10],"full-wave":[11],"active":[12,41,53,132],"rectifier":[13,90],"for":[14,79],"low-voltage":[15],"energy":[16],"harvesting":[17],"applications.":[18],"The":[19,69,89,131],"proposed":[20,70],"concept":[21,71],"is":[22,91,138],"fabricated":[23,136],"in":[24,83,96],"0.35":[26],"\u03bcm":[27],"low-threshold-voltage":[28],"CMOS":[29],"technology":[30],"features":[32],"two":[33],"stages,":[34],"namely":[35],"negative-to-positive":[37],"converter":[38],"an":[40],"diode":[42,54],"stage.":[43],"A":[44],"rail-to-rail":[45],"nonlinear":[46],"comparator":[47],"forms":[48],"backbone":[50],"attains":[56],"high":[57],"gain":[58],"using":[59],"very":[60],"little":[61],"current":[62],"due":[63],"to":[64,93,115],"positive":[66],"feedback":[67],"mechanism.":[68],"achieves":[72],"voltage":[73],"power":[75,81,106],"efficiencies":[76],"over":[77],"90%":[78],"output":[80],"levels":[82],"range":[85,98],"1-100":[87],"\u03bcW.":[88],"able":[92],"rectify":[94],"voltages":[95],"0.5-1.5":[100],"V":[101],"with":[102],"maximum":[104],"measured":[105],"efficiency":[107],"96%":[109],"at":[110],"0.9":[111],"V.":[112],"Inputs":[113],"up":[114],"frequency":[117],"6":[119],"kHz,":[120],"well":[121],"above":[122],"needs":[124],"most":[126],"harvesters,":[127],"could":[128],"be":[129],"rectified.":[130],"area":[133],"chip":[137],"0.064":[139],"mm":[140],"<sup":[141],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[142],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[143],".":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
