{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4251422013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icse.2004.1317422","title":"Toward a software testing and reliability early warning metric suite","display_name":"Toward a software testing and reliability early warning metric suite","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4251422013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icse.2004.1317422"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icse.2004.1317422","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icse.2004.1317422","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608974","display_name":"Proceedings. 26th International Conference on Software Engineering","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. 26th International Conference on Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101612061","display_name":"Nachiappan Nagappan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1358-4124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"N. Nagappan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101612061"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3156,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65420561,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"60","last_page":"62"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suite","display_name":"Suite","score":0.6970398426055908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6811574697494507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.6104772686958313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.5489077568054199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-testing","display_name":"Software testing","score":0.5422530770301819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5367892980575562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-reliability-testing","display_name":"Software reliability testing","score":0.5184614062309265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4918396472930908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-suite","display_name":"Test suite","score":0.4137086868286133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.40997564792633057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.34895622730255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.2661281228065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2008526623249054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16810879111289978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.12813252210617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-case","display_name":"Test case","score":0.12232756614685059}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.6970398426055908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6811574697494507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.6104772686958313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.5489077568054199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984328558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188522","display_name":"Software testing","level":3,"score":0.5422530770301819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5367892980575562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52928878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554226","display_name":"Software reliability testing","level":5,"score":0.5184614062309265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4918396472930908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151552104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705809","display_name":"Test suite","level":4,"score":0.4137086868286133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.40997564792633057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.34895622730255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.2661281228065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2008526623249054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16810879111289978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.12813252210617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.12232756614685059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icse.2004.1317422","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icse.2004.1317422","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608974","display_name":"Proceedings. 26th International Conference on Software Engineering","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. 26th International Conference on Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14459120","https://openalex.org/W103971554","https://openalex.org/W1493688518","https://openalex.org/W1596771679","https://openalex.org/W1828368218","https://openalex.org/W1953529280","https://openalex.org/W2012878626","https://openalex.org/W2014309790","https://openalex.org/W2095760215","https://openalex.org/W2104065762","https://openalex.org/W2111562224","https://openalex.org/W2121866145","https://openalex.org/W2133894309","https://openalex.org/W2142812175","https://openalex.org/W2147245478","https://openalex.org/W2152155318","https://openalex.org/W2158864412","https://openalex.org/W2163279690","https://openalex.org/W2164501290","https://openalex.org/W2167926541","https://openalex.org/W3152374988","https://openalex.org/W6604224591","https://openalex.org/W6680348130"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2512801408","https://openalex.org/W82714704","https://openalex.org/W2521133878","https://openalex.org/W1539811509","https://openalex.org/W4200512663","https://openalex.org/W1836058049","https://openalex.org/W4244772785","https://openalex.org/W2782366913","https://openalex.org/W2369828936","https://openalex.org/W2099283403"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,98,173],"field":[1,168,205,260],"reliability":[2,29],"is":[3,59,70,94,111,196,224,280],"measured":[4],"too":[5],"late":[6],"for":[7],"affordably":[8,34],"guiding":[9],"corrective":[10],"action":[11],"to":[12,117,138,152,166,190,272,283],"improve":[13],"the":[14,17,53,64,80,83,87,167,171,179,184,194,233,237,252,273,278],"quality":[15,219],"of":[16,27,45,55,57,73,79,82,89,106,144,170,175,217,228,236,239,259,265,277],"software.":[18],"Software":[19,210],"developers":[20],"can":[21,32,39,122],"benefit":[22],"from":[23,42,63,77],"an":[24,95,199],"early":[25,37,142,150,241],"warning":[26,38],"their":[28],"while":[30],"they":[31,114,155],"still":[33,281],"react.":[35],"This":[36],"be":[40,123,139,153,157],"built":[41],"a":[43,60,71,74,160,225],"collection":[44],"internal":[46,49,133],"metrics.":[47,131],"An":[48,67],"metric,":[50,202],"such":[51,176,203,243],"as":[52,141,204,215,244,257],"number":[54,88],"lines":[56],"code,":[58],"measure":[61,69,72,191],"derived":[62,76],"product":[65,75,146],"itself.":[66],"external":[68,96,118,130,201],"assessment":[78],"behavior":[81],"system.":[84],"For":[85,148],"example,":[86],"defects":[90],"found":[91],"in":[92],"test":[93],"measure.":[97],"ISO/IEC":[99],"standard":[100],"states":[101],"that":[102,113,182,231],"[i]nternal":[103],"metrics":[104,121,134,177,211,246,267],"are":[105,115,269],"little":[107],"value":[108],"unless":[109],"there":[110],"evidence":[112],"related":[116,158],"quality.":[119,147,261],"Internal":[120],"collected":[124],"in-process":[125],"and":[126,163,192,220,251],"more":[127],"easily":[128],"than":[129],"Additionally,":[132],"have":[135,212],"been":[136,213],"shown":[137],"useful":[140],"indicators":[143,151,216],"externally-visible":[145],"these":[149,266],"meaningful,":[154],"must":[156],"(in":[159],"statistically":[161],"significant":[162],"stable":[164],"way)":[165],"quality/reliability":[169],"product.":[172],"validation":[174],"requires":[178],"convincing":[180],"demonstration":[181],"(1)":[183],"metric":[185,195,255],"measures":[186],"what":[187],"it":[188],"purports":[189],"(2)":[193],"associated":[197],"with":[198],"important":[200],"reliability,":[206],"maintainability,":[207],"or":[208],"fault-proneness.":[209],"used":[214],"software":[218],"fault":[221],"proneness.":[222],"There":[223],"growing":[226],"body":[227],"empirical":[229],"results":[230],"supports":[232],"theoretical":[234],"validity":[235,264],"use":[238],"higher-order":[240],"metrics,":[242],"OO":[245,254],"defined":[247],"by":[248],"Chidamber-Kemerer":[249],"(CK)":[250],"MOOD":[253],"suites":[256],"predictors":[258],"However,":[262],"general":[263],"(which":[268],"often":[270],"unrelated":[271],"actual":[274],"operational":[275],"profile":[276],"product)":[279],"open":[282],"criticism.":[284]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T13:04:00.132906","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
