{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2054086028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsai.2014.7009404","title":"Hidden Markov and Markov switching model for primary user channel state prediction in cognitive radio","display_name":"Hidden Markov and Markov switching model for primary user channel state prediction in cognitive radio","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2054086028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsai.2014.7009404","mag":"2054086028"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsai.2014.7009404","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsai.2014.7009404","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 2014 2nd International Conference on Systems and Informatics (ICSAI 2014)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045353252","display_name":"Ahmed Mohammed Mikaeil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9621-8316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106645853","display_name":"Changchun University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/007mntk44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Mohammed Mikaeil","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun, Jilin Province 130022, China","School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin Province 130022, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun, Jilin Province 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin Province 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101662203","display_name":"Bin Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9124-1955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106645853","display_name":"Changchun University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/007mntk44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun, Jilin Province 130022, China","School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin Province 130022, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun, Jilin Province 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin Province 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032065022","display_name":"Xuemei Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6556-8041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106645853","display_name":"Changchun University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/007mntk44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuemei Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun, Jilin Province 130022, China","School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin Province 130022, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun, Jilin Province 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin Province 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100437368","display_name":"Zhijun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0835-8736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202028630","display_name":"Changchun Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cbhey71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202028630"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhijun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jilin Engineering Research Center of RFID and Intelligent Information Processing Changchun Normal University Changchun, China","Jilin Engineering Research Center of RFID and Intelligent Information Processing, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jilin Engineering Research Center of RFID and Intelligent Information Processing Changchun Normal University Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202028630"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jilin Engineering Research Center of RFID and Intelligent Information Processing, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202028630"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0797,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80944107,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"854","last_page":"859"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.9185646772384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.864947497844696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7123767733573914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.6585440039634705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.5658934116363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-model","display_name":"Markov model","score":0.531886875629425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.5276466608047485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5000097751617432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/idle","display_name":"Idle","score":0.44947925209999084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4420514404773712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3953284025192261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3551589846611023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3036789894104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.29949241876602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.26276499032974243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2092384397983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11090561747550964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09821003675460815}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.9185646772384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.864947497844696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7123767733573914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.6585440039634705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.5658934116363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.531886875629425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.5276466608047485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5000097751617432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16320812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1812200","display_name":"Idle","level":2,"score":0.44947925209999084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4420514404773712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3953284025192261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3551589846611023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3036789894104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.29949241876602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.26276499032974243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2092384397983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11090561747550964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09821003675460815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsai.2014.7009404","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsai.2014.7009404","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 2014 2nd International Conference on Systems and Informatics (ICSAI 2014)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2014378975","https://openalex.org/W2018021746","https://openalex.org/W2082704890","https://openalex.org/W2114371821","https://openalex.org/W2119811155","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2136134159","https://openalex.org/W2151893565","https://openalex.org/W2176670528","https://openalex.org/W4241115065","https://openalex.org/W6685431403"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510894296","https://openalex.org/W2134386692","https://openalex.org/W2082284720","https://openalex.org/W2194396582","https://openalex.org/W2116722627","https://openalex.org/W2379938888","https://openalex.org/W2537260108","https://openalex.org/W4233405330","https://openalex.org/W2176285001","https://openalex.org/W2792905593"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,150],"most":[1],"important":[2],"challenge":[3],"of":[4,33],"the":[5,19,25,30,34,50,96,125,129,140],"spectrum":[6,21],"sensing":[7],"in":[8,56,59,71,171],"cognitive":[9],"radio":[10],"(CR)":[11],"is":[12],"to":[13,17,94,123],"find":[14],"a":[15,91,172,192],"way":[16],"share":[18],"licensed":[20,26,35],"without":[22,185],"interfering":[23],"with":[24,195],"user":[27,38,52,98,142],"transmission.":[28],"Predicting":[29],"near":[31],"future":[32],"or":[36,106],"primary":[37,51,97],"(PU)":[39],"channel":[40,53,68,99,104,164],"state":[41,54,69,100,165],"can":[42,144,183],"solve":[43],"this":[44,60,111],"problem.":[45],"Many":[46],"studies":[47],"have":[48],"investigated":[49],"prediction":[55,70,194],"recent":[57],"literature,":[58],"study":[61],"we":[62,89,109],"introduce":[63],"new":[64,87],"approach":[65,88],"for":[66,162,187],"PU":[67,163],"time":[72,92,112,127],"domain":[73],"based":[74],"on":[75],"hidden":[76],"Markov":[77,81],"model":[78,83],"(HMM)":[79],"and":[80,120,133,157,177,190],"switching":[82,126],"(MSM).":[84],"In":[85],"our":[86],"use":[90],"series":[93,113],"capture":[95],"detection":[101],"sequence":[102,117],"(PU":[103],"\u201cidle\u201d":[105],"\u201coccupied\u201d).":[107],"Then,":[108],"fed":[110],"as":[114],"an":[115],"observation":[116],"into":[118],"HMM":[119,156,176],"MSM":[121,158,178,181],"algorithm":[122,179,182],"predict":[124],"between":[128,175],"two":[130],"states,":[131],"\u201cidle":[132],"occupied\u201d":[134],"before":[135],"it":[136],"happens":[137],"so":[138],"that":[139,154,180],"secondary":[141],"(SU)":[143],"adjust":[145],"its":[146],"transmission":[147],"strategies":[148],"accordingly.":[149],"experimental":[151],"results":[152],"show":[153],"all":[155],"perform":[159],"very":[160],"well":[161],"prediction.":[166],"It":[167],"has":[168],"also":[169],"shown":[170],"simulation":[173],"comparison":[174],"preform":[184],"need":[186],"training":[188],"process":[189],"provide":[191],"smoother":[193],"low":[196],"computational":[197],"complexity":[198],"than":[199],"HMM.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}