{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390874699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icrc60800.2023.10386939","title":"Mitigating the Correlation Problem in Multi-Layer Stochastic Circuits","display_name":"Mitigating the Correlation Problem in Multi-Layer Stochastic Circuits","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390874699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icrc60800.2023.10386939"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icrc60800.2023.10386939","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icrc60800.2023.10386939","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing (ICRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018194119","display_name":"Owen Hoffend","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3088-9862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Owen Hoffend","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Ann Arbor,MI 48109,USA","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Ann Arbor,MI 48109,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101995490","display_name":"John P. Hayes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4747-492X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John P. Hayes","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Ann Arbor,MI 48109,USA","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Ann Arbor,MI 48109,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018194119"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1337,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48119797,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.5788132548332214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5522430539131165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.505695104598999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-process","display_name":"Stochastic process","score":0.4261940121650696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2154930830001831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.196292906999588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.1732587218284607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.171944260597229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.14444544911384583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.1141599714756012}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.5788132548332214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5522430539131165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.505695104598999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8272713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176737","display_name":"Stochastic process","level":2,"score":0.4261940121650696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2154930830001831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.196292906999588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.1732587218284607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.171944260597229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.14444544911384583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.1141599714756012}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icrc60800.2023.10386939","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icrc60800.2023.10386939","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing (ICRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003056114","https://openalex.org/W2010588734","https://openalex.org/W2055341514","https://openalex.org/W2077344647","https://openalex.org/W2098470668","https://openalex.org/W2120000030","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2143674663","https://openalex.org/W2518922124","https://openalex.org/W2546767744","https://openalex.org/W2549747794","https://openalex.org/W2758784335","https://openalex.org/W2885946716","https://openalex.org/W2908319053","https://openalex.org/W2913512976","https://openalex.org/W2917638500","https://openalex.org/W2963847817","https://openalex.org/W3047774572","https://openalex.org/W3198431677","https://openalex.org/W4200387195","https://openalex.org/W4225985809","https://openalex.org/W4229458016","https://openalex.org/W4313316097","https://openalex.org/W4378881667"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Stochastic":[0],"computing":[1],"is":[2,41,77,215,259],"a":[3,78,98,138,241,269],"low-cost":[4],"non-standard":[5],"computer":[6],"architecture":[7],"that":[8,15,52,252,258],"processes":[9],"pseudo-random":[10],"bitstreams.":[11],"Its":[12],"effectiveness,":[13],"and":[14,152,162,239],"of":[16,24,87,115,126,190],"other":[17],"probabilistic":[18],"methods,":[19],"requires":[20],"maintaining":[21],"desired":[22,185],"levels":[23],"correlation":[25,70,114,124,140,257,278],"among":[26],"interacting":[27],"input":[28,74,123],"bitstreams,":[29],"for":[30,245],"example,":[31],"SCC":[32,36,40,177,234],"=":[33,37,235],"0":[34],"or":[35,175],"+1,":[38],"where":[39,97],"the":[42,85,112,122],"stochastic":[43,62],"cross-correlation":[44],"metric.":[45],"Correlation":[46],"errors":[47,51],"are":[48],"systematic":[49],"(bias-causing)":[50],"cannot":[53],"be":[54,134],"corrected":[55],"by":[56,136,284],"increasing":[57],"bitstream":[58],"length.":[59],"A":[60],"typical":[61],"design":[63],"C":[64,102,107,116,127,148,153,192,225,229,247],"<inf":[65,103,108,117,128,144,149,154,166,193,204,226,230,248],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[66,104,109,118,129,145,150,155,167,194,205,227,231,249],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">1</inf>":[67,110,119,151,195,228,250],"only":[68],"controls":[69],"at":[71],"its":[72],"primary":[73],"lines.":[75],"This":[76,132],"fairly":[79],"straightforward":[80],"task,":[81],"however":[82],"it":[83,253],"limits":[84],"scope":[86],"SC":[88],"to":[89,196,264,276],"\u201csingle":[90],"layer,\u201d":[91],"usually":[92],"combinational,":[93],"designs.":[94],"In":[95],"situations":[96],"second":[99],"processing":[100,272],"layer":[101,142],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</inf>":[105,130,156,232],"follows":[106],",":[111,157,207],"output":[113,289],"must":[120],"satisfy":[121],"needs":[125],".":[131],"can":[133],"done":[135],"inserting":[137],"(sequential)":[139],"control":[141,279],"S":[143,165,203],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">12</inf>":[146,168,206],"between":[147,237],"which":[158,208],"incurs":[159],"high":[160],"area":[161,283],"delay":[163],"overhead.":[164],"transforms":[169],"intralayer":[170],"bitstreams":[171,255],"Z":[172],"with":[173,184,202,256],"unknown":[174],"undesired":[176],"values":[178],"into":[179],"numerically":[180],"equivalent":[181],"ones":[182],"Z*":[183,198],"correlation.":[186],"The":[187],"fundamental":[188],"problem":[189],"designing":[191],"produce":[197],"directly,":[199],"thereby":[200],"dispensing":[201],"apparently":[209],"has":[210],"not":[211],"been":[212],"considered":[213],"before,":[214],"addressed":[216],"in":[217],"this":[218],"paper.":[219],"We":[220,266],"focus":[221],"on":[222,268],"two-layer":[223],"designs":[224],"requiring":[233],"+1":[236],"layers,":[238],"present":[240],"method":[242],"called":[243],"COMAX":[244,281],"(re)designing":[246],"so":[251],"outputs":[254],"as":[260,262],"close":[261],"possible":[263],"+1.":[265],"demonstrate":[267],"representative":[270],"image":[271,290],"application":[273],"that,":[274],"compared":[275],"alternative":[277],"techniques,":[280],"reduces":[282],"about":[285],"50%":[286],"without":[287],"reducing":[288],"quality.":[291]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
