{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2773091301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icrc.2017.8123634","title":"Energy-efficient single-flux-quantum based neuromorphic computing","display_name":"Energy-efficient single-flux-quantum based neuromorphic computing","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2773091301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icrc.2017.8123634","mag":"2773091301"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icrc.2017.8123634","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icrc.2017.8123634","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing (ICRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070247369","display_name":"Michael L. Schneider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1928-6662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael L. Schneider","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060782912","display_name":"Christine A. Donnelly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9110-884X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christine A. Donnelly","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081490632","display_name":"Stephen E. Russek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8788-2442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen E. Russek","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020304037","display_name":"Burm Baek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3864-0797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Burm Baek","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020205720","display_name":"Matthew R. Pufall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9530-0302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew R. Pufall","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056805667","display_name":"P. F. Hopkins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4353-0901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter F. Hopkins","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023694120","display_name":"William H. Rippard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-7728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William H. Rippard","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070247369"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7167,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73956188,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.8918144702911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spice","display_name":"Spice","score":0.6575742959976196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.600594699382782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5101690292358398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.48387372493743896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-flux-quantum","display_name":"Magnetic flux quantum","score":0.46019554138183594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.43119633197784424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.4230560064315796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/josephson-effect","display_name":"Josephson effect","score":0.4135597348213196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.26152926683425903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1847626268863678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12775376439094543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superconductivity","display_name":"Superconductivity","score":0.10270169377326965}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.8918144702911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780077345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16891888","display_name":"Spice","level":2,"score":0.6575742959976196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.600594699382782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5101690292358398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.48387372493743896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39197057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2265632","display_name":"Magnetic flux quantum","level":4,"score":0.46019554138183594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.43119633197784424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.4230560064315796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12038964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764228","display_name":"Josephson effect","level":3,"score":0.4135597348213196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.26152926683425903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1847626268863678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12775376439094543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54101563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124131","display_name":"Superconductivity","level":2,"score":0.10270169377326965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icrc.2017.8123634","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icrc.2017.8123634","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing (ICRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333051","display_name":"Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity","ror":"https://ror.org/01v3fsc55"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W592963477","https://openalex.org/W1542981317","https://openalex.org/W1643906872","https://openalex.org/W1999514438","https://openalex.org/W2003378896","https://openalex.org/W2059285189","https://openalex.org/W2065424664","https://openalex.org/W2070992435","https://openalex.org/W2073466744","https://openalex.org/W2142109169","https://openalex.org/W2162211413","https://openalex.org/W2404064004","https://openalex.org/W2550764065","https://openalex.org/W2566706182","https://openalex.org/W2793979264","https://openalex.org/W2896556344","https://openalex.org/W3106399613","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6750123322"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009655854","https://openalex.org/W4254818980","https://openalex.org/W2887265163","https://openalex.org/W2018045161","https://openalex.org/W3005555853","https://openalex.org/W1985470556","https://openalex.org/W2073739635","https://openalex.org/W2076602737","https://openalex.org/W2083021800","https://openalex.org/W2143753959"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"experimental":[1],"work":[2],"has":[3],"demonstrated":[4],"nano-":[5],"textured":[6],"magnetic":[7],"Josephson":[8,107],"junctions":[9],"(MJJs)":[10],"that":[11,39,66,104],"exhibit":[12],"tunable":[13,106],"spiking":[14,41],"behavior":[15],"with":[16,27,130],"ultra-low":[17],"training":[18],"energies":[19,42],"in":[20,71,96,116],"the":[21,59,68,91,105],"attojoule":[22],"range.":[23],"MJJ":[24],"devices":[25],"integrated":[26],"standard":[28],"single-flux-quantum":[29],"neural":[30,62,98,118],"systems":[31],"form":[32,67],"a":[33,114,117,124],"new":[34],"class":[35],"of":[36,61,93],"neuromorphic":[37],"technologies":[38],"have":[40],"between":[43],"attojoules":[44],"and":[45,53,74,133],"zeptojoules,":[46],"operation":[47],"frequencies":[48],"up":[49],"to":[50,89],"100":[51],"GHz,":[52],"nanoscale":[54],"plasticity.":[55],"Here,":[56],"we":[57,122],"present":[58,78],"design":[60],"cells":[63,95],"utilizing":[64],"MJJs":[65],"basic":[69],"elements":[70],"multilayer":[72],"perception":[73],"convolutional":[75],"networks.":[76],"We":[77],"SPICE":[79,121],"models,":[80],"using":[81],"experimentally":[82],"derived":[83],"Verilog":[84],"A":[85],"models":[86],"for":[87],"MJJs,":[88],"assess":[90],"performance":[92],"these":[94],"simple":[97],"network":[99,129],"structures.":[100],"Modeling":[101],"results":[102],"indicate":[103],"critical":[108],"current":[109],"IC":[110],"can":[111],"function":[112],"as":[113],"weight":[115],"network.":[119],"Using":[120],"model":[123],"fully":[125],"connected":[126],"two":[127],"layer":[128],"9":[131],"inputs":[132],"3":[134],"outputs.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}